分布式声传感器井中背景噪声统计特性分析

分布式声传感器技术(DAS: Distributed Acoustic Sensor)是一种新近提出的高精度勘探数据采集方法,受制于复杂背景噪声的影响,DAS记录处理水平有待进一步提高.针对上述问题,采用基于替代序列的时间序列平稳性检验方法和Lilliefors检验法对DAS记录中复杂背景噪声的平稳性和高斯性进行研究.用以分析的实际地震数据是按照勘探工业要求采集的井中DAS记录.研究结果表明,DAS背景噪声是非平稳、非高斯随机过程且噪声特性随记录时长发生变化.相关研究成果实现了针对DAS背景噪声特性的可靠认知,对提高DAS记录处理水平具有重要参考价值.     

Redescription of Retilaskeya horrida (di Monterosato, 1874) comb. nov. and a re-evaluation of the taxonomic affinity of the genus Retilaskeya (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea)

The family Cerithiopsidae H. Adams and A. Adams, 1853 is distributed worldwide, and comprises around 800 extant species divided into ~40 genera. The most speciose genus within the family is Cerithiopsis Forbes and Hanley, 1850, a taxon currently used as a general receptacle rather than as a proper phylogenetic lineage. We hereby redescribe the rare species Cerithiopsis horrida di Monterosato, 1874, review its nomenclature, known material, and distribution as well as figure the entire protoconch, operculum, and radula for the first time. Our results highlight extreme differences between ‘Cerithiopsis’ horrida and the Cerithiopsis type species Cerithiopsis tubercularis (Montagu, 1803) and strong morphological and radular similarities with species belonging to the genus Retilaskeya Marshall, 1978. A wide discussion lists several taxa that might be ascribed to the same group of species, which presumably constitute a different worldwide lineage. Pending relevant molecular phylogenetic studies of the Triphoroidea Gray, 1847, for morphological conformity we suggest transferring ‘Cerithiopsis’ horrida to the genus Retilaskeya, and the same action is presumably appropriate for its possible sister species ‘Cerithiopsis’ leopardus Rolán and Gori, 2013. Finally, Retilaskeya better conforms to Newtoniellidae Korobkov, 1955 than Cerithiopsidae.     

基于滑移/非滑移异质界面的动压润滑性能优化

合理布置的滑移/非滑移异质界面可以提高流体动压润滑性能,但目前滑移区和非滑移区的组合方式大多采用单一的直线拼接法,没有针对流体润滑摩擦副的各类工况设计出相应的优化方案,为此本文建立了一组离散式二次方程来描述滑移区和非滑移区拼接轨迹,并引入计算域单元的宽长比作为优化变量,分别以液膜刚度和摩擦因数作为优化目标,通过MATLAB数值仿真求解不同宽长比条件下滑移区和非滑移区的最优拼接轨迹。结果表明,与直线拼接法相比,选取二次方程所描述的抛物线作为滑移区和非滑移区拼接轨迹的方法使流体润滑摩擦副在摩擦因数和液膜刚度等性能指标上都有所改善,而且根据不同的优化目标参数可以方便地绘制出最优拼接方案,验证了本文方法在改善动压润滑性能上的可行性和普适性。     

Elucidating the diel and seasonal calling behaviour of Elachistocleis matogrosso (Anura: Microhylidae)

ABSTRACT

Acoustic monitoring provides the opportunity to study ecological processes that are difficult to assess with traditional surveys. Elachistocleis matogrosso is an anuran species, described in 2010, for which limited biological information is available. This study investigated the calling activity of the species in the north-eastern portion of the Pantanal, Brazil, a wetland area with marked seasonality between the dry and wet seasons. The calling activity of E. matogrosso was monitored using automated digital recorders in combination with automated signal recognition software over two different annual cycles. The species was vocally active only during the wet season (October – April), with a peak in November-December during the 2013–2014 annual cycle and in February-March during the 2015–2016 annual cycle. The peak calling activity occurred at dusk. This species has nocturnal habits and an explosive breeding activity. The detection of the species was intermittent, which suggests that environmental predictors or site-specific conditions might play an important role in species detection. Moreover, this intermittent occupancy indicated that surveys that employ traditional field techniques would likely fail to detect this species. We describe an effective protocol for detecting E. matogrosso with acoustic monitoring, which requires recording during 20 days in February from 17:01 to 05:00. Our procedure would be easy to adapt to other anuran species, and it could be used for investigating new localities and assessing population changes over time.     

单频电磁辐射对雷达的干扰规律

为了提高雷达电磁防护能力,揭示单频电磁辐射对雷达的干扰规律,首先基于雷达测距原理,通过电路非线性失真分析,初步掌握阻塞干扰和假目标干扰规律;而后开展效应试验,对干扰规律进行补充和完善。结果表明带内单频电磁辐射易对受试雷达造成干扰,假目标临界干扰场强明显低于阻塞干扰,最敏感处的差值可达30 dB,但敏感带宽要比阻塞干扰窄50%。随着干扰场强提高,回波峰值电平压缩量先缓慢增加而后近似线性增长,阻塞干扰虽然不会影响探测距离的准确度,但会导致探测距离缩短;假目标出现的位置是随机的,随着干扰场强提高,假目标电平先线性增长,而后趋于恒定。     

铜铁共催化烯烃串联加成/环化合成异喹啉二酮

发展了一种铜/铁协同催化的N-烯丙酰基苯甲酰胺串联加成/环化/偶联合成叔烷基化异喹啉二酮的反应.在廉价金属Cu/Fe协同催化作用下，烷基偶氮试剂介导N-丙烯酰基-N-烷基氯代苯甲酰胺发生串联加成/环化，区域选择性地切断C-Cl键而发生进一步交叉偶联，以41%~78%的产率合成了一系列远端双重α-官能团化叔烷基取代的异喹啉二酮骨架.该反应首次利用卤代苯甲酰胺去芳构化而形成的超共轭自由基为偶联体与偶氮试剂发生交叉偶联，选择性地在碳-卤键位置构建碳（叔）-碳键.此偶联策略将为深入拓展叔烷基-芳基交叉偶联提供新的思路.     

一种HEVC样点自适应补偿快速算法

为解决高性能视频编码标准H.265/HEVC中引入的样点自适应补偿技术的计算复杂度极高导致严重影响编码效率的问题,提出一种HEVC样点自适应补偿快速算法.首先根据编码单元(coding unit, CU)的划分深度确定亮度树形编码块(coding tree block, CTB)中需要提取边缘方向的区域,然后利用边缘方向提取算法获得亮度CTB的边缘方向列表,并根据此列表减少亮度CTB在模式判别过程中遍历的模式数量,最后利用亮度和色度CTB之间的相关性进一步简化色度CTB的模式判别过程.实验结果表明,在性能损失较小的情况下,本算法可以在全I帧(AI)、随机访问(RA)、低延时B帧(LB)、低延时P帧(LP)四种配置下分别节省31.75%、 56.85%、 52.81%、 51.51%的样点自适应补偿编码时间.     

高频调幅交变电磁场金属液滴悬浮振荡的 3 维数值模拟

采用有限元方法模拟高频调幅交变电磁场以及液滴内流体流动, 金属液滴自由界面的追踪采用任意拉格朗日欧拉(arbitrary Lagrange-Euler, ALE)方法. 数值模拟得到了高频调幅交变电磁场、金属液滴内部液体流动和液滴表面形变的动态行为. 数值结果表明: 在高频调幅交变电磁场中, 金属液滴所受洛伦兹力集中在液滴内部近表面区域, 液滴受近似表面力的洛伦兹力激励; 在表面张力和重力的共同作用下呈周期性振荡, 液滴的振荡幅度起伏变化, 具备参数振荡特征. 对液滴振荡的频谱分析结果显示, 液滴振荡的主频和高频调幅交变电磁场的调制波频率相同, 在其倍频处也会出现较大峰值, 液滴振荡的频谱特征与高频调幅交变电磁场中金属液滴所受洛伦兹力的频率特性吻合.     

基于胎/路啮合作用的纹理化路面行车稳定性分析

为了给隧道水泥混凝土路面纹理设计提供指导,对路面进行纹理化参数设计试验,并以此来保证行车的稳定性,减少隧道行车的横向摆振效应。由于目前水泥混凝土路面纹理参数设计理论缺乏相应的依据,在分析轮胎与粗糙路面接触作用的基础上,基于压力胶片测试技术考虑胎/路啮合特性对车辆轮胎的转向阻力矩计算方法进行了优化。通过依托项目的隧道纹理化路面和室内试验,对四种不同路面的轮胎接触特性进行分析,提出一种基于实际测量的胎/路接触应力分布的原地转向阻力矩评价方法。结果表明:根据实测的轮胎接触应力计算得出汽车轮胎转向阻力矩,可有效地表征轮胎的转向阻力矩状态;纹理化水泥混凝土路面汽车转向阻力矩比沥青路面上高10%～20%,加之纹理化构造与轮胎纵向沟槽的啮合作用产生较大的侧向力矩,导致纹理化路面的行车稳定性较差;通过设置一定的刀组间距进而干涉轮胎与道路的接触界面,最终达到降低轮胎转向阻力矩的目的。     

复杂地层岩石力学参数实时求取方法——以塔里木盆地巴楚隆起为例

非常规油气、干热岩、超深井等领域的钻完井工程对岩石力学服务的及时性与准确性提出了迫切需求,基于矿物及干酪根等岩石骨架组成成分具有固定的岩石物理及岩石力学特性,通过低成本、低风险、高实时性、高采样率的岩石成分录井技术开展岩石力学参数求取方法研究,以偶极子阵列声波计算岩石力学参数的模型作正演,确定通过矿物计算岩石力学参数的可行性,然后以组成矿物的元素成分直接构建岩石力学参数,并对两种方法进行对比。653个复杂岩性数据点,正演法计算的杨氏弹性模量、泊松比的平均相对误差分别为16.3%、9.8%;直接法计算的杨氏弹性模量、泊松比的平均相对误差分别为10.0%、6.8%。结果表明,通过元素直接构建的岩石力学参数具有更高的精度,在岩性相对简单的地区应用效果更好。