基于功能化的纳米锐钛矿TiO2膜修饰电极的乌药醚内酯电化学传感器及其应用研究

将功能化的纳米锐钛矿TiO_2(介笼结构)修饰电极作为乌药醚内酯电化学传感器的氧化还原探针,实现电化学方法检测乌药醚内酯。实验优化了电极修饰液用量、支持电解质和仪器参数等条件。在最优化的条件下,乌药醚内酯的线性范围为0.1～20μg/mL,检测限为0.058μg/m L。将所建立的电化学新方法应用于乌药中乌药醚内酯类的含量测定及药材真伪的鉴定,测得其平均含量为0.303 mg/g,并实现乌药与其伪品荆三棱药材的快速鉴别。     

FeCo-based hybrid MOF derived active species for effective oxygen evolution

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) have been regarded as promising catalyst materials due to the richness of coordinately unsaturated metal sites on the surface,which can act as catalytic active centres.In this study,a hybrid MOF material composed of Fe-based MOF and Co-based MOF was prepared with the involvement of graphene oxide nanosheets as additive.It was demonstrated that the hybrid MOF materials showed much higher electro-catalytic activity towards oxygen evolution than the single-phase counterparts.To drive current density of 10 mA cm~(-2),the hybrid CoFe-based MOF only needed an over potential of 290 mV in 1 M KOH.The catalytic activity could sustain for a longer time with only slight current density decrease.During oxygen evolution operation,the MOF catalyst evolved into catalytic active species but kept well the microscale sheet-like structure.It is thus believed that this study will provide an avenue for the development of advanced electrocatalysts.     

Acyl-chloride functionalized graphene oxide chemically grafted with hindered phenol and its application in anti-degradation of polypropylene

In this study,graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were first functionalized by the acyl-chloride reaction and then reacted with hindered phenol (HP) to obtain HP grafted GO (GO-g-HP).The GO-g-HP prepared under the optimized condition exhibited a high efficiency against both thermal and photo oxidation of isotactic polypropylene (iPP).GO-g-HP exhibited a much better anti-aging efficiency than that of HP and GO used individually or that of their physical mixture.The outstanding anti-aging effect of GO-g-HP was attributed to the excellent synergistic effect produced between the chemically bonded GO and HP,which resulted in an improved oxygen barrier property of GO and excellent utilization of the free radical scavenging capability of GO and HP.Also,thanks to the grafting of HP on GO,the physical loss of HP,which was one of the main shortcomings for traditional small molecular antioxidants,was largely suppressed.It is expected that the GO-g-HP prepared can well meet the requirement of long-term applications of polymers in some harsh service conditions.     

丙酸盐对厌氧氨氧化除氮性能及群落结构的影响

为了探究有机碳对厌氧氨氧化的长期影响, 向厌氧氨氧化膜生物反应器中添加不同浓度的丙酸钠, 研究对反应器的除氮效能以及微生物的种群结构和功能变化。结果表明: 反应器主要的脱氮过程由CandidatusBrocadia完成, 当丙酸钠浓度为100 mg/L时, 反应器中由于异养细菌的生长, 可实现碳氮的同步去除, 平均总氮去除率可达91.9%。当丙酸钠浓度为200 mg/L 时, 对Candidatus Brocadia的抑制作用导致反应器除氮性能下降, Candidatus Brocadia的丰度降至41.2%, 总氮去除率降至 78.8%。在有机碳抑制作用解除后, 反应器的除氮性能恢复为86.8%, Candidatus Brocadia丰度增加到54.0%, 但群落多样性下降, 属水平的微生物组成有较大的改变。     

MPA包覆的银纳米粒子修饰电极制备和电化学表征

运用自组装和电化学组装法,将MPA包裹的银纳米粒子修饰到金电极表面,制备成银纳米粒子单层和多层膜修饰电极. 循环电压-电流和电化学阻抗谱测定结果表明:以MPA包覆的银纳米粒子修饰电极的氧化电位明显负移,显示出银纳米粒子具有更高的活性. 以0.5mmol/L的K3[Fe(CN)6]溶液为检测体系,电化学阻抗谱测试得出电极表面对探针分子的阻碍作用有所增加. 循环电压-电流结果表明:与单层膜修饰电极相比,多层膜修饰电极的峰电流显著增加.     

Ni Co Cr合金共沉积工艺

通过线性扫描、循环伏安和交流阻抗谱分析,研究了柠檬酸镀液中Ni-Co-Cr合金共沉积的电化学行为,并利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射对镀层的表面形貌和结构进行了表征.结果表明,Cr3+与Ni2+,Co2+离子有相互促进放电、加速共沉积的作用,Co为异常沉积.当添加剂为10 g/L,糖精为1 g/L,p H值为2.5,镀液温度为30℃时,阴极极化较大,有利于得到Cr含量高的Ni-Co-Cr合金镀层.所得镀层表面光亮平整,为非晶态结构.     

一种基于纳米氧化铝/石墨烯复合膜修饰的对硫磷电化学传感器

制备了一种纳米氧化铝/石墨烯(Al2O3/Gr)复合膜修饰的对硫磷电化学传感器,用电子扫描显微技术(SEM)表征了复合膜的表面形貌,用循环伏安法研究了对硫磷(PT)在复合膜及单层膜修饰的电极表面的电化学行为。研究表明:在p H为5.2的醋酸缓冲液中开路富集2.5 min时,PT的还原峰电流最大。在优化实验条件下,PT的还原峰电流ipc与其浓度在0.05~60μM范围内呈良好线性关系,线性回归方程为ipc(μA)=5.666+0.693 7 c(μM),R=0.996 4,检测限可达20 n M(S/N=3)。该传感器稳定性好、重现性佳,且具有一定抗干扰能力。用加标回收法测量新鲜小白菜样品中PT含量,回收率在94.5%~101.0%,结果令人满意。     

充氢的X80高强钢在不同土壤中的电化学行为研究

基于极化曲线法和电化学阻抗谱法(EIS)研究充氢的X80高强钢在格尔木、大港站、大庆站、拉萨站4种模拟土壤溶液中的电化学行为。结果表明:不同充氢时间下的X80高强钢在4种模拟土壤溶液中的极化曲线均只表现出活化溶解状态,而未出现活化-钝化转变区,在一种土壤溶液中,其自腐蚀电位随充氢时间的延长逐渐下降,腐蚀电流密度增大,充氢促进了高强钢的腐蚀;在同一充氢时间下电荷转移电阻Rct在4种模拟土壤溶液中从拉萨站、大庆站、大港站到格尔木站依次减小。这4个站点土壤溶液耐腐蚀性能依次增强,与极化曲线中的分析结果一致。     

不同种不锈钢电化学腐蚀性能的对比

采用CHI660D电化学工作站研究304、316L、2205、2507不锈钢在模拟塔里木油田复杂腐蚀介质中的电化学腐蚀性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其表面的腐蚀产物膜进行对比分析.结果表明:2种复杂腐蚀介质条件下,随温度升高,4种不锈钢的耐蚀性和抗点蚀能力都会降低.CO2的通入对不锈钢的腐蚀过程影响较为复杂.20℃时,4种不锈钢的耐蚀性和抗点蚀能力随CO2的加入均降低;而50、80℃时,4种不锈钢的耐蚀性和抗点蚀能力则会增强.相同腐蚀条件下,4种不锈钢的耐腐蚀能力由强到弱的顺序为:2507、2205、316L、304.     

稠油低温氧化过程结焦行为实验

采用热重(TGA)、差热(DSC)和高温高压反应釜实验,研究稠油在空气和氮气介质中热转化过程及其反应产物,分析稠油油藏注空气过程中低温氧化对稠油结焦反应的影响,考察稠油在不同反应条件下的临界结焦温度。实验结果表明:随着温度升高,稠油在空气介质中的热转化过程经历低温氧化、沉积结焦和高温氧化3个阶段;低温氧化使稠油的临界结焦温度降低,稠油在氮气介质中的临界结焦温度约为400℃,而在空气中经历低温氧化后其临界结焦温度降低至280℃。结合稠油结焦机制分析认为其临界结焦温度降低与低温氧化存在显著热效应及组分变化有关,低温氧化过程导致稠油上述变化降低其胶体结构稳定性,引起相分离,加速沥青质物理聚沉,发生化学共聚生焦。