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1.
氧还原反应(oxygen reduction reaction,ORR)是能量转换和储存系统的关键电极反应。目前,贵金属基材料,如铂和钯,是ORR最有效的催化剂,但其地球储量稀少、价格昂贵,且抗甲醇和CO性能差。因此,开发新型、低成本、高性能的氧还原电催化剂对能源转化和储存具有重要意义。综述了近年来非贵金属钴(Co)基氧还原电催化材料的研究进展及其性能调控策略,分为Co合金、Co-N-C、Co纳米粒子、Co基氧化物、Co基磷化物和Co基硫化物等多种形式,并对未来开发低成本、高性能的氧还原催化剂进行了展望。  相似文献   
2.
氧还原反应(ORR)是许多电化学相关技术的核心反应,许多研究致力于制备同时具备高活性、高稳定性和低成本的催化剂。Pd基纳米材料由于其相对较优的催化性能和相对丰富的储量,有望成为Pt的替代品,受到了广泛关注,但要达到商品化程度,其性能需进一步提高。本文以Pd基催化剂应用于ORR电催化为背景,综述了近年来Pd基催化剂ORR的性能提升策略。围绕载体调控、形貌结构调控以及组分调控共3个部分进行总结,这些调控会利用配体效应、应变效应、系综效应(ensemble effect)和载体效应等从本质上改变Pd的分布状态、空间排列和电子结构,从而影响ORR中间产物在Pd表面的吸附状态。最后,简要介绍了Pd基催化剂面临的挑战和未来的发展方向,对高性能ORR催化剂的设计制备具有重要意义。  相似文献   
3.
镍钨合金电沉积及其析氢电催化性能的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文研究以钛或铁为基体的Ni-W合金电镀,阴极极化曲线表明,以Ti为基体的Ni-W合金镀层为阴极,电解300g/LNaCl(25℃),3.0A/dm^2能降低析氢过电势420mV,电解1mol/L MnSO4+0.5mol/LH2SO4能降低810mV,说明Ni-W镀层是析氢的优良电催化阴极。  相似文献   
4.
用热分解的方法制备Pt-C=PTFE型气体扩散电极,及其他不同电催化剂的气体扩散电极,对其电化学活性进行对比。实验结果表明铂电催化剂的气体扩散电极的电化学活性优于铂-铈合金电催化剂的。  相似文献   
5.
The effect of CdS content on the photo-induced improvement of hydrogen evolution reaction activity of the Pt/CdS electrocatalyst was investigated. Although the electrons transferred from CdS to Pt in the Pt/CdS electrocatalyst increased with the CdS content under illumination, the electrochemical active surface area of the Pt/CdS electrocatalyst decreased with the CdS content, resulting that the photo-induced improvement of hydrogen evolution reaction activity of the Pt/CdS electrocatalyst decreased with the CdS content.  相似文献   
6.
It is challenging to find a method to obtain a catalyst with low cost and efficient multifunctional performances. Herein, in order to obtain the electrode with high-performance water splitting and non-enzymatic glucose detection, the commercial graphite sheet (GS) with excellent durability and electroconductivity was used as substrate material, and the non-noble ternary component Ni–Co–P catalyst with hierarchical architecture was fabricated on GS via a co-electrodeposition. The catalyst only required low overpotentials of 44.6, 76.5 and 49 mV to drive the current density of 10 mA cm−2 alongside with the smaller Tafel slopes of 39.2, 44.8 and 112 mV dec−1 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 1.0 M KOH, 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1.0 M PBS solution, respectively. For oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the catalyst demonstrated a low overpotential of 304 mV to achieve the current density of 20 mA cm−2 with excellent Tafel slope of 89.8 mV dec−1 in alkaline solution. Furthermore, the Ni–Co–P/GS electrode serving as non-enzymatic glucose sensor exhibited the superior electrocatalytic activity with an ultrahigh sensitivity of 7400 μA mM−1 cm−2, low detection limit of 0.425 μM (S/N = 3), and wide linear range (1–1200 μM).  相似文献   
7.
采用溶剂热和超声剥离相结合的方法制备了超薄Co4S3纳米片,通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、X-射线衍射分析(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)等手段对其进行了结构和形貌的表征,并研究了其电催化产氧性能。结果表明,Co4S3纳米片在电流密度为10 mA/cm2下的过电势为377 mV,塔菲尔(Tafel)斜率为64.47 mV/dec;溶剂热过程中反应温度和溶剂比对产物的析氧反应(OER)催化活性影响不大,但是Fe3+的掺杂可以显著降低Co4S3纳米片的析氧过电势和Tafel斜率,提高材料的电催化稳定性。最后通过X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析了Fe3+的掺杂对Co4S3纳米片OER性能影响的机理。  相似文献   
8.
PtCo alloy nanoparticles are deposited onto graphene sheets through a facile and reproducible hydrothermal method.During the hydrothermal reaction,the reduction of graphene oxide and PtCo alloy nanoparticles loading can be achieved.X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses reveal a good crystallinity of the supported Pt nanoparticles in the composites and the formation of PtCo alloy.X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) results depict that Pt mainly exists in the metallic form,while much of the cobalt is oxidized.Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations show that the PtCo alloy nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on graphene nanosheets compared with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs).This PtCo-graphene composite exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity and high poison tolerance toward poisoning species for methanol oxidation reaction,far outperforming the Pt-graphene or PtCo-MWNTs composites with the same feeding ratio of Pt/carbon.  相似文献   
9.
Sheet-like carbon-nitrogen (CNx)/graphene composites with a high content of nitrogen (x≤0.15) was prepared by the carbonization of polypyrrole (PPy)/reduced-graphene-oxide (rGO) composite at 600-800°C. We used rGO instead of graphene oxide (GO) sheets as a template and a substrate to immobilize PPy since the PPy/GO composite agglomerates easily because of the dehydration of excess oxygen-containing groups on the GO sheets during the drying process. The dried PPy/rGO intermediate and its derived CNx/graphene products retain their high dispersion and loose-powder features. The as-prepared CNx/graphene composites have a total nitrogen content of about 10 at% and their nitrogen state is mainly of pyridinic and graphitic type. CNx/graphene composites exhibit excellent performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in terms of electrocatalytic activity, stability and immunity towards methanol crossover and CO poisoning, suggesting their potential as metal-free electrocatalysts for the ORR.  相似文献   
10.
Sheet-like carbon-nitrogen (CNx)/graphene composites with a high content of nitrogen (x≤0.15) was prepared by the carbonization of polypyrrole (PPy)/reduced-graphene-oxide (rGO) composite at 600-800°C. We used rGO instead of graphene oxide (GO) sheets as a template and a substrate to immobilize PPy since the PPy/GO composite agglomerates easily because of the dehydration of excess oxygen-containing groups on the GO sheets during the drying process. The dried PPy/rGO intermediate and its derived CNx/graphene...  相似文献   
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