Ecological notes of the alien species Godiva quadricolor (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) occurring in Faro Lake (Italy)

The first record from Sicily of the introduced facelinid nudibranch Godiva quadricolor allowed the detection of trophic relationships with the polycerid Polycera hedgpethi, another non-native nudibranch, and with two bryozoan species, namely the naturalized Cheilostomatida Bugula neritina and the cryptogenic Ctenostomatida Amathia verticillata. The settlement of both nudibranchs was presumably promoted by a trophic shift of P. hedgpethi from the natural prey B. neritina towards the largely available and not exploited A. verticillata. This short food web, without evident links with native fauna and having G. quadricolor as the top predator, is described. A DNA barcoding approach was used to confirm the identity of this facelinid species and to explore the possible genetic divergence occurring among the samples analysed.     

考虑多个子群意见的多要素大群体决策方法

针对存在多个子群的多要素大群体决策问题，提出一种决策分析方法.首先，依据参与决策的个体针对方案构成要素的排序，计算各要素针对各参与个体的borda分值.其次，构建要素针对各子群的平均borda分值向量，再将其归一化后作为针对各子群的虚拟方案.然后，考虑到各子群的评估一致性存在差异，计算各子群的权重.进一步地，计算各虚拟方案与各备选方案之间的贴近度，并将其与各子群权重相集结，得到针对各备选方案的综合贴近度，并据此对备选方案进行排序.最后，通过一个考虑公众意愿的城市公园设计方案选择问题的算例说明了所提出方法的可用性.     

Breeding preferences in the treefrogs Dryophytes japonicus (Hylidae) in Mongolia

ABSTRACT

When a species occurs over a broad range of climates and landscapes, the breeding ecology of that species is expected to vary locally. Additionally, a basic knowledge of breeding ecology is required before other types of studies may be conducted, such as physiology or conservation. In North East Asia, Dryophytes japonicus is distributed from Japan to Mongolia, where its breeding ecology is unknown. The objectives of this study were to understand the breeding requirements of D. japonicus in this part of its range. We collected data for Dryophytes japonicus at 56 sites located within 23 independent localities in Northern Mongolia during the breeding season 2017. The data collected included habitat type and co-occurring amphibian, fishes and bird species. Our results show that the species prefers circa 70 m long oxbow lakes for breeding, while habitat characteristics, water quality and co-occurring species were not significantly associated with the occurrence of the species. We therefore conclude that D. japonicus is behaviourally plastic in Mongolia, as it is in other portions of its range, and that the species can use several types of environments and co-occur with different species at its breeding sites. Corvus dauuricus was the only bird species significant predicting the occurrence of D. japonicus, likely because of overlapping ecological preferences.     

生态学实验时空尺度认识的基本原则——实验对象的操作尺度与其自身尺度相契合

 时间和空间存在，尺度存在，生态学实验对象的时空尺度（本体论意义上的，又叫“本征尺度”）也存在。对生态学实验对象的时空尺度认识的基本原则是让“生态学实验对象的时空操作尺度”（方法论意义上的，又叫“表征尺度”）与生态学实验对象的时空尺度相契合（认识论意义上的）。这是生态学实验时空尺度关联实在论。在具体的生态学实验过程中，有些生态学家或坚持生态学实验对象的时空尺度不存在，或坚持其虽然存在但是不可认识，从而走向工具论和经验建构论（反实在论）。这种立场与生态学认识的基本宗旨--认识自然界中存在的生物与环境之间的关系相违背，应该抛弃。而且，某些生态学家或出于生态学实验对象的时空尺度本身认识的困难，或出于“不发表便出局”及其他原因，一是将生态学实验对象的时空尺度之时空简化为牛顿的绝对时空观，而没有考虑爱因斯坦的相对论时空观、普里戈金的“内时间”乃至引伸出来的“内空间”时空观，以及莱布尼兹的关系“空间观”乃至引伸出来的关系“时间观”，二是没有选择恰当的“粒度”和“幅度”进行实验，造成“用度失当”之误，三是没有进行充分的多尺度分析，造成“聚集偏差”，四是没有建构合适的模型，造成“鼠夹捕象”现象，五是没有正确识别“特征尺度”，造成“生态学谬误”。生态学实验者应针对上述不足，坚持正确的时空观，采取各种措施，以获得对生态学实验对象尺度的正确认识。     

桉树生态营林的理论探索与实践

桉树生态环境问题是世界性难题,迫切需要开展生态营林理论的探索与实践。本文通过系统地研究营林措施与人工林生态服务功能关系的变化规律,分析不同营林措施对桉树人工林生态服务功能的作用机制,并通过桉树生态营林实践,建立起现代桉树生态营林理论体系。文中提出生态营林的定义、生态营林原则和生态营林的理论体系。6年的生态营林实践表明,采取"低干扰、低投入、低污染"的生态营林方式,获得"高产量、高价值、高效率"的营林效果,实现长短结合、一般用材与珍贵用材结合、木材生产与生态服务协同提升的生态营林目标。该理论是解决当今桉树人工林木材生产和生态服务失衡以及生物安全、土壤安全、生态安全问题,实现高质量发展的重要理论基础,对推动我国现代林业高质量发展具有重要的指导作用。     

基于群偏好与用户偏好协同演化的群推荐方法

群推荐系统已经成为社交网络平台的重要工具,为群体用户提供兼顾个性化和整体满意度的产品和服务.现有群推荐方法大多是对个性化推荐方法的集成和聚合,忽略了群体和用户的交互影响以及群偏好和成员偏好的动态变化,从而无法保障群推荐系统的效果.为此,本文提出一种基于群偏好和用户偏好协同演化的群推荐方法,能够建模群体和用户的动态交互.具体而言,本文将用户偏好建模成其历史偏好和群影响的加权聚合结果,将群偏好建模成群历史偏好和新加入成员偏好的加权聚合结果,最终预测群体可能消费的产品列表和成员可能加入的群体列表.实验结果表明,本文所提模型在群体消费行为和用户加群行为的预测表现都优于基准算法,并兼具很好的鲁棒性.     

A new superfamily,family, genus and species of marine amphipod,Protodulichia scandens,from Japan (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Senticaudata: Corophiida)

ABSTRACT

In this study, the new amphipod superfamily Protodulichioidea and family Protodulichiidae are established. Both belong to the infraorder Corophiida but is different from all known superfamilies and families. Amphipods included in the new superfamily and family are characterised by having a triangular head with large eyes, extremely long pereopod 7, and uropod 3 with a short peduncle and slender rami bearing a few robust setae. Protodulichia scandens gen. et sp. nov. is fully described here and its mast-building behaviour is also recorded.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F6613B27-D954-4E4C-86CB-9FC5E9624334     

四元多项式代数的判别式

通过分析域k上n元多项式代数在其不变子环上基的性质, 并对n阶对称群做相应的划分, 得到四元多项式代数的判别式.