Ecological notes of the alien species Godiva quadricolor (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) occurring in Faro Lake (Italy)

The first record from Sicily of the introduced facelinid nudibranch Godiva quadricolor allowed the detection of trophic relationships with the polycerid Polycera hedgpethi, another non-native nudibranch, and with two bryozoan species, namely the naturalized Cheilostomatida Bugula neritina and the cryptogenic Ctenostomatida Amathia verticillata. The settlement of both nudibranchs was presumably promoted by a trophic shift of P. hedgpethi from the natural prey B. neritina towards the largely available and not exploited A. verticillata. This short food web, without evident links with native fauna and having G. quadricolor as the top predator, is described. A DNA barcoding approach was used to confirm the identity of this facelinid species and to explore the possible genetic divergence occurring among the samples analysed.     

A new superfamily,family, genus and species of marine amphipod,Protodulichia scandens,from Japan (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Senticaudata: Corophiida)

ABSTRACT

In this study, the new amphipod superfamily Protodulichioidea and family Protodulichiidae are established. Both belong to the infraorder Corophiida but is different from all known superfamilies and families. Amphipods included in the new superfamily and family are characterised by having a triangular head with large eyes, extremely long pereopod 7, and uropod 3 with a short peduncle and slender rami bearing a few robust setae. Protodulichia scandens gen. et sp. nov. is fully described here and its mast-building behaviour is also recorded.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F6613B27-D954-4E4C-86CB-9FC5E9624334     

New data on sponges from Svalbard Archipelago with a description of a new species of Halicnemia

Sponge fauna from the west and south of Svalbard archipelago was studied. A total of 28 species of sponges were identified. Five of them are new records to the study area and one is new to science. New records for Spitsbergen are: Axinella hispida (Koltun 1959), Haliclona rossica (Hentschel 1929), Myxilla (Myxilla) perspinosa (Lundbeck 1905), Sphaerotylus borealis (Swartschewsky 1906) and Suberites carnosus (Johnston 1842). A new species of sponge, Halicnemia wagini sp. nov., collected south-west of Spitsbergen on the continental slope at a depth of 423–425 m, is described. It is similar to Halicnemia patera (Bowerbank 1864) and H. verticillata (Bowerbank 1866) in skeleton architecture, but significantly differs in its spicule complement and external appearance. Primarily, distinct differences concern the morphology of microscleres. In comparison with Halicnemia patera, the new species has an additional category of acanthose microscleres presented by microstrongyles, while microscleres of H. verticillata are only slightly curved and also verticillately spined. The study area, west of Spitsbergen, establishes close relationships with North Atlantic due to warm Atlantic waters of the West Spitsbergen Current. Proximity of the new species to the North Atlantic representatives of Halicnemia genus allowed us to suggest that H. wagini sp. nov., both ecologically and morphologically, has stood apart as a distinct biological species in the conditions of the Arctic.

http://www.zoobank.org/lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2A09537B-63D7-4F07-A2AB-9C707A686333     

白酒窖泥中乳酸菌分离鉴定及其发酵产挥发性风味物质比较

从白酒窖泥中分离得到11株乳酸菌,经16S rDNA基因序列同源性分析,鉴定为1株短乳杆菌、1株鼠李糖乳杆菌、2株干酪乳杆菌和7株铅黄肠球菌。 分析了11株菌MRS培养基发酵产乳酸性能,结果表明:乳酸产量与菌群生长呈正相关,鼠李糖乳杆菌L₉、干酪乳杆菌L₁₀与L₁₁发酵液乳酸含量较高,分别为15.74、15.58、14.74g/L。4株代表菌相同条件下发酵高粱培养液产挥发性风味组分,共有物质13种,包含了白酒中重要香气成分:乙酸、己酸、乙酸苯乙酯和苯乙醇,且乙酸、己酸相对含量较高。各菌产可挥发性组分差异明显,相对含量较高的化合物种类为:短乳杆菌L₅产烷烃类化合物(27.91%),铅黄肠球菌L₈产醇类化合物(43.14%),鼠李糖乳杆菌L₉产酯类(7.35%)、酮类(3.61%)和吡嗪类(3.3%)化合物,干酪乳杆菌L₁₁产酸类(27.98%)和芳香类(5.96%)化合物。仅有短乳杆菌L₅产四甲基吡嗪,短乳杆菌L₅和铅黄肠球菌L₈可明显产乙醇,鼠李糖乳杆菌L₉和干酪乳杆菌L₁₁产3-羟基-2-丁酮。这些物质对白酒风味和口感有重要影响。研究显示,窖泥中各种乳酸菌特征不一,对白酒酿造有不同影响。本研究旨在为进一步挖掘白酒酿造功能微生物、拓展乳酸菌的应用提供理论依据。     

Two new nematodes,Pseudelzalia longiseta gen. nov., sp. nov. and Paramonohystera sinica sp. nov. (Monhysterida: Xyalidae), from sediment in the East China Sea

Pseudelzalia longiseta gen. nov, sp. nov. and Paramonohystera sinica sp. nov. from subtidal sediment in the East China Sea are described. Pseudelzalia is characterized by 6 labial papillae and 10 cephalic setae, cylindrical buccal cavity, elongate (>2 anal body diameter) spicules, and conico-cylindrical tail devoid of terminal setae. It differs from Elzalia by the absence of terminal setae. Pseudelzalia longiseta sp. nov. is 647–853 μm long, has 7–8 μm long cervical setae, 11–14 μm long caudal setae, 25–41 μm long spicules about 2.1–2.7 anal diameter, and pointed tail-tip. Paramonohystera sinica possesses 12 cephalic setae, a character found in four congeners: Paramonohystera buetschlii (Bresslau and Schuurmans Stekhoven in Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1935, Paramonohystera pilosa Boucher, 1971, Paramonohystera concinna Lorenzen, 1977 and Paramonohystera halerba Fadeeva and Belogurov, 1987. It differs from P. buetschlii by shorter body (933–1023 μm versus 2000–2200 μm); from P. pilosa by the much shorter spicules (79–88 μm versus 167 μm) and narrower head (13–16 µm versus 32 µm); from P.concinna by smooth cephalic setae (versus segmented); and from P. halerba by the absence of two rows of setae on the ventral side of the tail (versus present). Based on the evaluation of nominal species, we recognize 14 valid species and provide an emended diagnosis and a tabular key for Paramonohystera.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:474B8F17-AED7-4078-8176-DFC499B78526     

First record of the genus Tanaostigma (Hymenoptera,Chalcidoidea, Tanaostigmatidae) from the Afrotropical region with description of three new species

ABSTRACT

The genus Tanaostigma is newly recorded from the Afrotropical region and three new species are described: Tanaostigma lasallei van Noort sp. nov. (South Africa), Tanaostigma mulu van Noort sp. nov. (Kenya) and Tanaostigma ukumbusho van Noort sp. nov. (Kenya). We provide comprehensive images of the holotypes and an illustrated identification key to the African species. New country distribution records are provided for Tanaostigmodes tambotis Prinsloo & LaSalle, 1995. All images presented here as well as supplementary images and online keys are available on www.waspweb.org

www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:61D1A59D-3702-480A-B146-73067C29CD82     

白洋淀轮虫群落结构及富营养化评价

于2018年5月(春)、8月(夏)和10月(秋)对白洋淀26个采样点轮虫物种组成和群落结构进行了系统调查,测定了水温(WT)、溶解氧(DO)、pH值、水深(WD)、透明度(Tr)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、叶绿素a(Chla)等环境因子,分析了轮虫群落参数与环境因子的关系,综合评价了白洋淀水体富营养化程度.共鉴定出轮虫21属61种,以耐污性种类为主,角突臂尾轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫和小多肢轮虫为优势种.各采样点轮虫种数差异较大,最多为20种(聚龙淀),最少仅为6种(大麦淀).轮虫平均丰度和生物量呈现明显的季节变化,秋季最高(3 372 ind./L,0.90 mg/L),夏季其次(1 240 ind./L,0.88 mg/L),春季最低(210 ind./L,0.22 mg/L);轮虫最高丰度为6 930 ind./L(三角淀,秋季),最低仅为2 ind./L(平阳淀,夏季).Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Pielou均匀度指数(J)夏季最高(分别为2.30和0.86).经相关性分析发现,轮虫丰度与DO、WD、Chla、TP呈显著正相关,而与Tr显著负相关;轮虫种数与WD显著正相关,与WT显著负相关.与历史资料相比,白洋淀水质在一定程度有所好转,但仍处于富营养化状态.     

东北三江平原地区水位梯度对湿地植被群落生态特征的影响

【目的】探究三江平原湿地水文因子与湿地植被群落类型的关系以及水位梯度与湿地植被生态特征的耦合关系,分析水文情势对湿地植被群落的影响,为湿地生态恢复与生态系统的科学管理提供依据。【方法】以东北三江平原洪河国家级自然保护区湿地为研究区,基于野外调查选取水位梯度明显的9条样线共90个样点数据,建立以物种为横坐标、样点为纵坐标的21×90的矩阵。采用PC-ORD 5对矩阵数据进行双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN),对保护区湿地植被群落进行数量分类并分析群落类型与水位梯度的关系,使用CANOCO 5对矩阵数据进行除趋势对应分析(DCA),探究湿地植被群落分布与水位梯度的关系。最后利用Origin 2018对典型湿地植被的株高及生物量与水位数据进行高斯拟合,探究水文梯度变化对湿地植被生态特征的影响。【结果】TWINSPAN结果显示,洪河自然保护区湿地植被可划分为12个群落类型,群丛类型沿水文梯度的变化体现了植被类型由湿生植被向旱生植被演替的变化趋势,表明水位变化对湿地植被群落的演替与分布具有重要作用。样地DCA分析结果表明,湿地植被群丛的分布呈现一定的规律,植被群落类型及分布主要受水位梯度的影响。物种DCA排序结果显示,湿生植被、湿中生植被、旱生植被在排序图上均有明显的分布范围和界限,影响植被分布的主要环境因子是水位梯度。高斯拟合结果表明,3种典型湿地植被的高度和生物量随水位的变化趋势均为先增加后减少。小叶章(Calamagrostis angustifolia)、毛果苔草(Carex lasiocarpa)、漂筏苔草(Carex pseudocuraica)的最适水位生态幅分别为:[4.46 cm,20.04 cm]、[8.30 cm,28.40 cm]和[40.87 cm,48.71 cm],3种湿地植被的高度及生物量对应最大水位排序均为:小叶章<毛果苔草<漂筏苔草,此结果与分类和排序结果相符合。小叶章的高度及生物量对水位梯度的变化最敏感。【结论】水位梯度为洪河国家级自然保护区湿地植被群落类型与分布的首要环境因子,优势种的分布体现了所属植被群落的分布特征,并且具有指示生境的作用。水位梯度对湿地植被的生态特征有极显著影响,不同湿地植被对淹水水位适应性的差异导致其最适水位生态幅的差异明显。