乙二胺纯化技术研究

针对传统的乙二胺生产工艺存在的问题,提出了一种新的乙二胺盐酸盐再利用的方法,在一定程度上解决了工厂对乙二胺的回收问题;首先以工业乙二胺盐酸盐为原料,加热熔融后,以固体氢氧化钠作为中和剂,经过隔水反应,再通过常压蒸馏得到含水乙二胺;结果表明:当氢氧化钠加入量为理论用量的1. 2倍时,乙二胺的产率最高;然后对得到的含水乙二胺经过分子筛、无水硫酸镁和氢氧化钠固体进行物理吸附脱水,再通过改进文献使用的萃取精馏法,使用单塔间歇精馏脱水成功得到纯度为99%的乙二胺。     

黑暗中脱水对银杏离体叶片光系统Ⅱ光化学活性的影响

以银杏叶片为材料,研究其在黑暗脱水条件下光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）光化学活性的变化。结果表明：在黑暗脱水过程中,银杏叶片的相对含水量（RWC）随时间的延长而下降,PSⅡ的潜在活性Fv/Fo和最大量子效率Fv/Fm的变化趋势相同。PSⅡ反应中心单位面积吸收（ABS/CS）的能量、捕获（TRo/CS）的能量和热耗散（DIo/CS）的能量都呈上升的变化趋势,而用于电子传递（ETo/CS）的能量则呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,说明银杏叶片没有受到明显的光抑制。     

中华芦荟在不同胁迫下的丙二醛和可溶性糖含量的变化

以中华芦荟（Aloe vera L.var Chinensis（Haw．）Berger）为材料，进行干旱、高盐和低温胁迫处理，测定丙二醛和可溶性糖含量的变化．结果表明，中华芦荟在三种胁迫处理下，丙二醛和可溶性糖含量都随着处理时间的延长而增加，低温胁迫下的增长幅度最大，这可能暗示芦荟对低温胁迫更敏感，进一步表明芦荟耐干旱耐高盐但不耐低温．     

乙醇脱水反应的制约条件

乙醇脱水因条件不同可生成不同产物，本文讨论如何控制一定条件使脱水反应能生成不同产物。该实验提出了实验中的条件，分析了原因，因而可供同类研究参考。     

用膜分离技术探析乙二醇加盐脱水法生产无水乙醇的关键技术

用工业无水乙二醇按一定的比例加入醋酸钾脱水法除去 96 .4 %乙醇中 4 .4 %的水份的操作技术关键是确保脱水塔内气—液两相逆流过程处在沸腾状态 ,即保证塔内形成液膜 ,减少汽流的阻力 ,使乙醇气体多次穿破液膜 ,而溶解—蒸发分离水份 ,最终从塔顶蒸发出合格的无水乙醇。用膜分离技术中的液膜、各种膜基平衡过程、膜蒸馏等新膜过程的相关理论探析乙醇脱水过程 ,比用传统的蒸馏理论去分析该过程 ,能更好地指导实际生产。     

跳汰洗选设备常见故障及处理方法

国家大力发展洁净煤技术,因此选煤技术需要不断提高.跳汰洗选是一种重要的洗选方法,本文讨论了洗选设备——空气脉动跳汰机、脱水设备和筛分设备的常见故障和处理方法。     

Phase transition in the subducted oceanic lithosphere and generation of the subduction zone magma

Two metamorphic processes, i.e. subsolidus dehydration and partial melting occurring in MORB, metasediments and peridotite of subducted oceanic lithosphere are discussed on the basis of available experimental work and phase equilibrium modeling. Phase diagrams of hydrous MORB show that in most cold subduction P-T （pressure-temperature） regimes a large portion of water in the basic layer has released below the onset of blueschist facies （〈 20 km）, and at a depth （60--70 km） of transition from lawsonite blueschist to lawsonite eclogite facies through glaucophane dehydration; only a smaller portion of water will escape from the slab through dehydration of lawsonite and chloritoid in the depth range suitable for arc magma formation; and a very small portion of water stored in lawsonite and phengite will fade into the deeper mantle. The role of amphibole for arc magma formation is still arguable. In cold subduction P-Tregimes, the dehydration of chlorite and talc in AI-poor metasediments, and chloritoid and carpholite in AI-rich metapelites at a depth around 80--100 km will make some con- tributions to the formation of arc magma. Comparatively, dehydration of serpentine in hydrated peri- dotite occurs at depths of 120--180 km, playing an important role in the arc magmatism. Subduction of oceanic crust along warm P-T regimes will cross the solidi at a depth over 80 km, resulting in partial melting under fluid-saturated and fluid-absent conditions in the metasediments involving biotite and phengite, and in the basic rocks involving epidote and amphibole. The melt compositions of the basic crust are adakitic at pressures 〈 3.0 GPa, but become peraluminous granitic at higher pressures.     

Biosynthesis, immunity, regulation, mode of action and engineering of the model lantibiotic nisin

This review discusses the state-of-the-art in molecular research on the most prominent and widely applied lantibiotic, i.e., nisin. The developments in understanding its complex biosynthesis and mode of action are highlighted. Moreover, novel applications arising from engineering either nisin itself, or from the construction of totally novel dehydrated and/or lanthionine-containing peptides with desired bioactivities are described. Several challenges still exist in understanding the immunity system and the unique multiple reactions occurring on a single substrate molecule, carried out by the dehydratase NisB and the cyclization enzyme NisC. The recent elucidation of the 3-D structure of NisC forms the exciting beginning of further 3-D-structure determinations of the other biosynthetic enzymes, transporters and immunity proteins. Advances in achieving in vitro activities of lanthionine-forming enzymes will greatly enhance our understanding of the molecular characteristics of the biosynthesis process, opening up new avenues for developing unique and novel biocatalytic processes. Received 9 April 2007; received after revision 31 August 2007; accepted 28 September 2007     

聚砜中空纤维膜乙炔脱湿的研究

采用渗透侧抽真空的方式对膜法乙炔脱湿进行了系统的研究.考察了不同处理量下,渗透侧真空度对渗余气含水量、回收率、分离因子和水蒸气、乙炔渗透通量的影响.当处理量为2.4 mL/s,原料气压力为180 kPa,渗透侧压力为20 kPa时,经过膜分离器处理后的乙炔水含量可由1%降至0.4%以下,渗透气量小于5%,便于循环利用.