原位生成NbC增强YCF102熔覆层热力学与耐磨性研究

熔覆层性能难以满足特定的工艺要求，已成为限制激光熔覆发展的关键因素之一.鉴于此，在45号钢基体上制备出原位生成NbC增强YCF102熔覆层，并进行了热力学分析.通过XRD，SEM和EDS对其微观形貌及组成成分进行了分析，对其显微硬度及耐磨性进行了研究.结果表明:激光功率的改变对激光熔覆过程中原位反应的反应程度有显著影响，过大或者过小的激光功率均会对原位反应的发生起到抑制作用;YCF102熔覆层中原位生成的NbC颗粒的主要形态为四边形和花瓣形;当激光功率为525W时，原位生成NbC增强YCF102熔覆层具有较高的显微硬度及良好的耐磨性.     

Superior corrosion resistance-dependent laser energy density in(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 high entropy alloy coating fabricated by laser cladding

(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 high entropy alloy(HEA)coatings were successfully fabricated on a substrate of Q235 steel by laser cladding technology.These(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coatings possess excellent properties,particularly corrosion resistance,which is clearly superior to that of some typical bulk HEA and common engineering alloys.In order to obtain appropriate laser cladding preparation process parameters,the effects of laser energy density on the microstructure,microhardness,and corrosion resistance of(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coating were closely studied.Results showed that as the laser energy density increases,precipitation of the Laves phase in(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coating gradually decreases,and diffusion of the Fe element in the substrate intensifies,affecting the integrity of the(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA.This decreases the microhardness of(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coatings.Moreover,the relative content of Cr2O3,Cr(OH)3,and Nb2O5 in the surface passive film of the coating decreases with increasing energy density,causing corrosion resistance to decrease.This study demonstrates the controllability of a high-performance HEA coating using laser cladding technology,which has significance for the laser cladding preparation of other CoCrFeNi-system HEA coatings.     

半潜式钻井平台螺旋桨修复技术的应用研究进展

针对半潜式海洋钻井平台推进器螺旋桨面临的空泡腐蚀、电化学腐蚀以及海洋生物附着污损等问题，综述了焊接、粘接、热喷涂、冷喷涂修复技术的应用研究进展。认为目前的螺旋桨修复再制造技术普遍存在着修复层应力集中、结合强度低、孔隙率高、高温导致材料变性等缺陷，今后的研究工作应向着避免应力集中、增大修复层结合强度、降低作业温度、减小孔隙率的方向发展，以期能够制备更加致密均匀的修复层。     

奥氏体不锈钢离子渗N组织及性能

采用辉光离子渗N技术对奥氏体不锈钢球阀进行表面氮化处理,改变其表面结构,提高表面耐磨性.选取三组离子渗N的温度,分别为400、440、480 ℃,渗N时间设置为12 h.采用扫描电镜、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、维氏显微硬度计和材料表面综合测试仪对渗N改性层的表面形貌、截面形貌、显微硬度和耐磨性进行测试.结果表明:离子渗N技术可以大幅提高奥氏体不锈钢的硬度和耐磨性.渗N温度为400 ℃时,渗N改性层最薄,耐磨性最差,480 ℃时渗N改性层最厚、耐磨性最好.     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and wear resistance of an Al–Mg–Si alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing

Microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance in an ultrafine-grained Al–Mg–Si alloy fabricated utilizing a combination of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and dynamic aging were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the grain size of the ECAP alloy was significantly refined, i.e., to ~239 nm after three ECAP passes. Meanwhile, the yield and tensile strength of the ECAPed material reached 340 MPa and 445 MPa, respectively, while maintaining a significant uniform elongation of 14%. Wear resistance results demonstrated that the wear rate, wear depth and width of the ECAPed material decreased in comparison with the solution-treated (SST) and peak-aged (T6) conditions under a load range of 5–25 N. The adhesive wear that occurs in the undeformed specimens at 10 N does not appear in the ECAPed specimen at the same load, indicating that the ECAPed specimen delay the appearance of more serious wear mechanisms under certain loads. The cooperative interaction of high density nano-scale β" precipitates and dislocations resulted in a combination of super-high strength and good work hardening ability which suppressed the extension of cracks between the friction layer and the plastic deformation zone. As a consequence, the combination of ECAP and dynamic aging brings a significant improvement for antifriction performance of the 6061 aluminum alloy.     

金具零部件表面防腐蚀试验研究

随着经济的持续高速增长，各行业用电需求增大。在加快特高压骨干电网建设的同时，提高现有电网的输电能力、输电质量成为重中之重。金具是海上换流站的重要组成部分，海洋环境的特殊性，对金具提出了更高的耐腐蚀性能要求。为了探究海洋环境对金具的腐蚀性，选用ZL101A和ZL102两种典型的铝合金金具，采用5种辅助防腐蚀工艺获得5种耐腐蚀样本，并模拟海上工况对其分别进行盐雾腐蚀试验，得出最优防腐蚀工艺。研究表明：ZL101A和ZL102两种铝合金具有一定的耐腐蚀性能，ZL101A铝合金的耐腐蚀性能强于ZL102铝合金的；抛丸处理的防腐措施在ZL101A铝合金样本中的防腐蚀表现要强于ZL102铝合金样本的；阳极氧化在两种材质中防腐蚀表现均为优异，是最优异的防腐蚀工艺。     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and properties of a novel Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling

In view of the special requirements for strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling, the Al-6.2 Zn-2.5 Mg-1.6 Cu alloy was prepared by increasing Cu content on basis of Russian Series 1953 alloy. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and properties of the alloy was characterized by optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM), and investigated by tensile test at room temperature, thermal exposure test and corrosion test. The results show that the strength after T6 aging treatment exhibit a decrease trend as an increase of the solution temperature from465 °C to 480 °C. After the solution treated by the rate of 470 °C/1 h, second phases dissolve into the matrix very well and the strength property reaches optimum. The alloy has better comprehensive properties treated by a solution treatment of 470 °C/1 h and then followed by an aging treatment of 120 °C/24 h + 170 °C/1 h + 120 °C/24 h. Under the aging state, the precipitated phases inside the grains are suitable in size, while on the grain boundary distribute discontinuously and the precipitate-free zone is obvious. Besides, the alloy still maintain high tensile properties. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation are 650 MPa, 686 MPa,12.0%, respectively. The yield strength retention after heat exposure is 92%. The alloy has good corrosion resistance and the exfoliation corrosion degree. The average corrosion rate in the H_2S and CO_2 environment is 0.0024 mm/a, which is far less than the required 0.12 mm/a. It is insensitive to H_2S and CO_2 environments.     

南水北调中线工程水源区抗生素抗性基因多样性研究

为了研究丹江口水库和汉江抗生素抗性基因(Antibiotic Resistance Genes, ARGs)的污染现状与分布规律, 采用高通量测序的方法, 于2014年春季和秋季分别对丹江口水库及汉江沿程的ARGs多样性进行检测。分别在春秋两季样本中检测出21和19类ARGs, 其中9类ARGs是水体ARGs的主要组成部分。杆菌肽类ARGs是水体中最主要的ARGs, 而β-内酰胺类ARGs在春季丹江口水库陶岔采样点中占比最高。秋季水体各采样点的ARGs组成结构差异比春季小, 通过NMDS和ANOSIM分析发现ARGs的组成存在显著的季节差异, 甲氧苄氨嘧啶类、多粘菌素类和多重耐药类ARGs是具有显著季节差异的ARGs种类。由相关性分析发现13类具有互相显著强相关关系的ARGs, 其中相关性最强的ARGs很可能共存于一种微生物中。此外, 四环素类和氨基糖苷类ARGs可能作为预测水源区中与其共存ARGs相对丰度的指示种类。研究结果可为饮用水源区的水质保护和ARGs 污染防治与管理提供科学依据。     

核电站凝汽器用钛焊管蒸汽腐蚀疲劳性能研究

测定了国产和进口核电站凝汽器用钛焊管在室温大气和人工海水100 ℃水蒸汽介质中的疲劳性能，同时采用扫描电子显微镜对疲劳断口进行了观察，探讨了钛焊管的蒸汽腐蚀疲劳机理。研究结果表明：国产钛焊管与进口钛焊管的疲劳寿命较为接近，水蒸汽氛围大幅度降低了钛焊管的疲劳寿命；疲劳试样的裂纹均萌生于钛焊管焊缝区域的外表面，多为多源萌生，裂纹扩展均以条纹机理为主；断口处有少量二次裂纹，未发现沿晶断裂及周期解理断裂特征，静断区断口形貌为韧窝；从蒸汽腐蚀疲劳试样中，未能观察到明显的腐蚀产物；钛焊管的蒸汽疲劳腐蚀是交变应力和电化学腐蚀交互作用的结果。