静电纺丝法制备YAG-ZrO2复合纳米纤维

运用静电纺丝技术结合热处理工艺成功制备了形貌光滑、尺寸均匀的YAG-ZrO₂复合纳米纤维.采用XRD、FT-IR和SEM探索了电压与浓度对复合纤维物相及形貌的影响.结果表明:电压为25 kV、PVA质量分数为11%时得到表面光滑、尺寸均一的复合纤维前躯体.前驱体纤维经过1 200 ℃煅烧5 h后,具有较高的结晶度,直径约为500 nm且比较均匀.为了使YAG-ZrO₂纤维增强的复合材料具有自检性,研究了YAG-ZrO₂纤维的发光性能,发现用290 nm紫外光激发YAG-ZrO₂:Tb³⁺复合纳米纤维,在581 nm处出现明显的发射峰,并发出绿光,这一现象属于Tb³⁺的⁴D₄→⁷F₄跃迁.应力-发光实验结果表明,YAG-ZrO₂:Tb³⁺纤维可以实现对铝基复合材料应力-应变的检测.     

Effect of heating rate on the electrochemical performance of MnO X @CNF nanocomposites as supercapacitor electrodes

Carbon nanofibers （CNFs） and MnOjc@CNF nanocomposites （MCNFs） are fabricated by electrospin- ning and investigated as free-standing electrodes for sup- ercapacitor. This work presents the effect of heating rate during carbonization on the electrochemical behavior of the as-prepared MCNFs electrodes in 6 mol/L KOH elec-trolyte. Results show that the MCNFs electrodes carbon- ized by relatively slower heating rate exhibit higher specific capacitance. The electronic conductivity of the slow heated MCNFs electrodes is better than that of the fast heated electrodes due to the better crystallinity of the MnOx nanoparticles and the graphitic carbon layers forming on the surface of the Mn-loaded CNFs. These MCNFs electrodes demonstrate elevated rate capability and improved cycling performance without adding any polymer binder or electronic conductor.     

PVA/NiO复合纳米纤维的制备及光催化性能

采用静电纺丝法,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和硝酸镍(Ni(NO3)2)为前驱物,制得PVA/Ni(NO3)2纤维;再以尿素(CO(NH)2)为碱源,通过水热合成法制备了PVA/NiO复合纳米纤维.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等分析测试手段对样品的形貌和结构进行了表征,以罗丹明B为目标降解物,考察了PVA/NiO复合纳米纤维的光催化活性.结果表明:NiO纳米粒子均匀地负载于PVA纳米纤维上,形成了具有良好光催化活性的PVA/NiO复合纳米纤维光催化材料.     

Control of the morphology of micro/nanostructures of polycarbonate via electrospinning

Many of the applications proposed for bioassays, scaffolds for tissue engineering, filtrations, and supports for catalysts require polymeric membranes with large specific surface areas. Polycarbonate （PC） is a possible candidate for these applications because of its excellent mechanical performance and good biocompatibility. Electrospinning is a simple and effective method for large-scale fabrication of micro-/nanofibrous membranes with large specific surface areas. How to control the morphology of electrospun PC fibers, however, has not been systematically investigated. We describe the controllable fabrication of continuous and uniform PC fibers. We electrospin PC/chloroform solutions doped with different types of surfactants including anionic, zwitterionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants. Only cationic surfactants can lead to the successful fabrication of uniform PC fibers. After the analysis of the correlation between solution properties such as viscosity, surface tension, and conductivity and the morphology of electrospun fibers, we conclude that the addition of cationic surfactants such as cetane trimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） that leads to a decrease in viscosity is the main factor responsible for the formation of PC fibers. The demonstration of the fabrication of uniform PC fibers will lend experience to processing other polymers into fibers via electrospinning.     

NiO/TiO2纳米纤维的制备、表征及光催化性能

采用静电纺丝和程序升温焙烧的方法制备了NiO/TiO₂纳米复合光催化剂. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)等测试技术对样品的结构与性能进行了表征, 并研究了该催化剂在可见光下对有机染料罗丹明B催化降解反应的活性. 结果表明, 合成的NiO/TiO₂复合纳米材料尺寸均匀, 该催化剂相对于纯的TiO₂具有更强的紫外光吸收性能, 煅烧温度为600℃时, NiO/TiO₂的光催化活性最高. 而且, 该催化剂也可被循环使用, 这使得该复合光催化剂具有广阔的应用前景.     

Improved acetone sensing properties of flat sensors based on Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers

Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers were synthesized by an electrospinning method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Gas sensors were fabricated by spinning these nanofibers onto flat ceramic substrates, which had signal electrodes and heaters on their top and bottom surfaces, respectively. Compared with sensors loaded with pure SnO2 nanofibers, the Co-SnO2 nanofiber sensors exhibited improved acetone sensing properties with high selectivity and rapid response and recovery times. The response was 33 when the sensors were exposed to 100 μL/L acetone at 330°C, and the corresponding response with 100 μL/L of ethanol was only 6. The response and recovery times to acetone were about 5 and 8 s, respectively. These results indicate Co-SnO2 composite nanofibers are good candidates for fabrication of high performance acetone sensors for practical application.     

静电纺丝法制备Eu3+掺杂的氧化钆纳米纤维

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP) 为络合剂与Gd(NO3)3·6H2O和Eu(NO3)3·6H2O反应制得前驱体溶液, 采用静电纺丝技术制备了PVP／Gd(NO3)3·Eu(NO3)3复合纳米纤维,经焙烧得到分布均匀、具有较大比表面积的Gd2O3:Eu3+纳米纤维。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)及差热-热重分析(TG-DTA)等现代分析手段对纤维的表面形貌、纯度和结晶度进行了表征。荧光光谱分析表明:随着烧结温度的升高,Gd2O3:Eu3+纳米纤维的结晶度就越高,其荧光性能也越来越强。     

CNFs取向对CNFs/LDPE复合材料空间电荷的影响

高压直流电缆绝缘材料中空间电荷特性是制约直流电缆性能的关键因素.聚乙烯纳米复合材料因具有优异的空间电荷抑制特性,而被成功运用于高压直流电缆.本文研究了以半导电料为基体,以CNFs粒子,通过对其进行表面改性,使CNFs在材料中沿磁场方向取向,而后再与LDPE进行复合,制成双层样片.并且使用电声脉冲法（PEA）分析了复合材料在加电压与短路时的空间电荷的分布.研究发现,掺杂浓度与取向对复合材料的空间电荷影响较大.取向CNFs/LDPE半导电层的添加改变了载流子的输运方式,抑制了空间电荷由电极向绝缘层中的注入.这对于取向CNFs/LDPE复合材料在高压直流输电中的应用是非常有意义的.     

TiO2-Ag2O复合纳米纤维烟气脱汞实验研究

使用静电纺丝法制备TiO。及TiO2-Ag2O纳米纤维,脱除模拟烟气中的汞元素．对纳米纤维进行了XRD,SEM,EDX,uV—Vis及BET检测．研究了不同光照条件下Ag。O的掺杂比和循环次数对脱汞的影响,分析了TiO2-Ag2O的脱汞机理．结果表明：TiO2-Ag2O纳米纤维为锐钛矿相,纤维直径在200nm左右．与纯TiO2相比,TiO2-Ag2O的吸光范围增大,对可见光的利用率提高,并且随着AgzO掺杂量的增加纤维对光的吸收也逐渐增强．TiO2-Ag2O纳米纤维在无光、可见光及紫外光下的脱汞率均达到95％以上．合成的复合纳米纤维脱汞性能稳定,到第8次循环时脱汞率仍保持在95％以上．TiO2—Ag2O脱汞的机理可为银与汞通过汞齐化作用形成银汞合金．     

rGO/Ce掺杂SnO_2复合纳米纤维的制备及H_2S气敏性能研究

采用静电纺丝法制备还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)/SnO_2复合纳米纤维,研究了Ce掺杂及掺杂量对rGO/SnO_2纳米纤维的微结构与气敏性能的影响.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM,带SAED)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)及拉曼光谱仪(Raman)对复合纳米纤维的结构与形貌进行表征.结果表明:不同含量Ce掺杂对复合纳米纤维的晶体结构和形貌均无明显影响.气敏测试结果表明:不同的Ce掺杂量均能改善rGO/SnO_2纳米纤维对H_2S的灵敏度,在Ce掺杂摩尔分数为3%时复合材料对H_2S具有最佳的气敏性能,在75℃时5μL/L H_2S气体的灵敏度高达300,同时选择性和响应恢复性能也均有显著提高.