Plasma preparation and low-temperature sintering of spherical TiC–Fe composite powder

A spherical Fe matrix composite powder containing a high volume fraction (82vol%) of fine TiC reinforcement was produced us-ing a novel process combining in situ synthesis and plasma techniques. The composite powder exhibited good sphericity and a dense struc-ture, and the fine sub-micron TiC particles were homogeneously distributed in theα-Fe matrix. A TiC–Fe cermet was prepared from the as-prepared spherical composite powder using powder metallurgy at a low sintering temperature;the product exhibited a hardness of HRA 88.5 and a flexural strength of 1360 MPa. The grain size of the fine-grained TiC and special surface structure of the spherical powder played the key roles in the fabrication process.     

蚯蚓冻干粉对高血脂小鼠胆固醇逆转运相关基因的调节作用

以高脂饲料饲喂昆明种小鼠构建高血脂小鼠模型,灌胃给予高、中、低剂量(0.4,0.2,0.1g/kg)蚯蚓冻干粉,每天1次,同时饲喂高脂饲料,以仅饲喂高脂饲料组小鼠为对照,共饲养10周.提取小鼠肝脏总RNA,应用半定量RT-PCR技术检测实验组与对照组小鼠胆固醇逆转运相关基因卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶(lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase,LCAT)和脂蛋白酯酶(lipoprotein lipase,LPL)mRNA表达水平.结果表明,蚯蚓冻干粉极显著提高实验组小鼠LCAT mRNA表达水平(P0.01),显著提高LPL mRNA表达水平(P0.05),提示这是蚯蚓冻干粉能够降低高血脂小鼠血浆胆固醇水平的原因之一.     

玻璃粉对混凝土酸侵蚀性能的影响

采用试验方法,研究了玻璃粉替代胶凝材料在不同掺量(0、5%、8%、15%)时对混凝土抗压强度和耐酸侵蚀性的影响。对比了各个试样在5%H2SO4溶液和5%CH3COOH溶液中腐蚀28 d后的质量亏损和抗压强度损失,并采用SEM分析了试样腐蚀后的表面形貌。结果表明,玻璃粉有利于提高混凝土的耐H2SO4和CH3COOH侵蚀性,耐CH3COOH侵蚀差于耐H2SO4腐蚀,H2SO4侵蚀后的试样表面形成了大量石膏,CH3COOH侵蚀后试样表面疏松并出现了大量孔洞和裂纹。当玻璃粉掺量为8%时,试样的耐H2SO4和CH3COOH侵蚀性最佳。     

铁矿粉烧结液相流动性能的特征数方程的建立

为解决在研究铁矿粉烧结液相流动性能时通常只考虑面积增长率这一终点信息,而没有考虑过程信息的缺陷以及采用多个指标来表征流动性能在使用上的不便,对影响流动性的因素进行了分析,结合量纲分析和白金汉定理推导出了能定量表征流动性强弱的流动性特征数(LD),简化特征数方程后得到等效流动性特征数(LdΘ)。试验采用了可视卧式高温炉,记录了铁矿粉烧结液相流动的整个过程信息,通过基础实验和对照实验确定液相流动的起点和终点之后,可以得到每一种矿粉相应的等效流动性特征数数值。测量5种铁矿粉在两种方法下的流动性指标,当只考虑面积增长率时的流动性强弱顺序为AC≈DBE,新方法下为LdΘALdΘDLdΘC≈LdΘELdΘB,两种方法下的指标相近,但是综合了各种重要信息的新指标能进一步区分出各个因素对流动性能的影响程度。     

铝箔粗轧过程中黑色散油点的成因与对策

介绍了铝箔粗轧过程中黑色散油点的表现形式和产生机理,对其影响因素进行了综合分析.通过引进岗位竞争激励长效机制,提高员工的产品质量责任意识;进行设备改造,加装和固定挡油、导流、三次吹扫装置,合理的调节轧制线高度和轧制出口排烟能力,发挥中间吹扫、中间接油板、边部辊缝吹扫、板面吹扫的作用,减少轧制带油;严格控制铝箔坯料内在冶金质量,减少轧制脱粉;加强工艺油品管理,预防轧制油品老化变质;搞好文明生产,定期清洁轧机.有效地减少了铝箔粗轧箔材表面黑色散油点缺陷的发生.     

钢渣粉的胶凝性及其对水泥力学性能的影响

钢渣粉作为辅助胶凝材料用于水泥混凝土领域中的潜力很大,研究了钢渣粉自身的胶凝性及其粒径大小、掺入量对钢渣-水泥复合胶凝材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:钢渣粉的浆体强度和水化程度随其粒径减小而显著提高(28 d抗压强度4.0提高到21.5 MPa,Ca(OH)2含量从3.49%提高到5.48%,非蒸发水含量从4.8%提高到10.71%)。含30wt%钢渣粉的复合水泥3 d净浆和胶砂强度均表现出随微粉粒径的减小先增大,后降低(SC-40为拐点),而7 d、28 d强度随微粉粒径的减小而不断增大。钢渣粉的掺量对水泥浆体强度和水化程度的影响显著,水泥各龄期强度和水化程度均随钢渣粉掺量的增加而逐渐降低,且各龄期强度与钢渣粉含量均符合多项式函数关系。     

Studies on induction hardening of powder-metallurgy-processed Fe-Cr/Mo alloys

Induction hardening of dense Fe-Cr/Mo alloys processed via the powder-metallurgy route was studied. The Fe-3Cr-0.5Mo, Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo, and Fe-0.85Mo pre-alloyed powders were mixed with 0.4wt%, 0.6wt%, and 0.8wt% C and compacted at 500, 600, and 700 MPa, respectively. The compacts were sintered at 1473 K for 1 h and then cooled at 6 K/min. Ferrite with pearlite was mostly observed in the sintered alloys with 0.4wt% C, whereas a carbide network was also present in the alloys with 0.8wt% C. Graphite at prior particle boundaries led to deterioration of the mechanical properties of alloys with 0.8wt% C, whereas no significant induction hardening was achieved in alloys with 0.4wt% C. Among the investigated samples, alloys with 0.6wt% C exhibited the highest strength and ductility and were found to be suitable for induction hardening. The hardening was carried out at a frequency of 2.0 kHz for 2-3 s. A case depth of 2.5 mm was achieved while maintaining the bulk (interior) hardness of approximately HV 230. A martensitic structure was observed on the outer periphery of the samples. The hardness varied from HV 600 to HV 375 from the sample surface to the interior of the case hardened region. The best combination of properties and hardening depth was achieved in case of the Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo alloy with 0.6wt% C.     

石油焦煅烧程度对铝用炭阳极显微结构及电解消耗的影响

以不同煅烧程度石油焦为骨料，煤沥青为黏结剂制备铝用低煅焦炭阳极.通过激光共聚焦扫描显微镜和图像分析方法对炭阳极孔隙结构进行分析表征，并考察阳极反应性和电解消耗性能.在煅后焦微晶尺寸1.7~2.7 nm范围内降低石油焦煅烧程度，炭阳极小孔隙逐渐沿骨料-黏结剂界面演变为裂纹状大孔隙，炭阳极孔隙率、形状因子及连通率均先减小后增大，视孔隙比表面积呈减小趋势.煅后焦微晶尺寸降低至1.9 nm较为适宜，对应的炭阳极空气和CO2反应质量损失率最少为9.6%和3.0%，每吨铝阳极碳耗为355.4 kg.低煅焦炭阳极过量消耗机制从以黏结剂选择性消耗转变为骨料与黏结剂共同消耗，使碳渣量减少.     

捣固焦微观结构研究

结合捣固炼焦工艺的特点,研究了高堆积密度配煤炼焦对焦炭微观结构的影响.结果表明,捣固炼焦工艺对焦炭气孔结构影响明显.采用N_2吸附法研究发现,9种捣固焦以小于10 nm的中、小气孔为主,平均气孔直径小,比表面积分布广泛;3种顶装焦存在一定数量20~50 nm的中孔,平均气孔直径大,比表面积小.捣固焦总气孔率、显气孔率和显气孔比例基本均低于顶装焦,捣固焦的假密度明显高于顶装焦,真密度相差不大,假密度可作为区分捣固焦与顶装焦的简易方法.焦炭光学组织主要取决于配合煤性质,捣固焦与顶装焦无明显区别.     

绿色溶剂高温水在重油加工中的应用

近年来，高温水作为一种环境友好的化学反应介质受到人们广泛的关注。利用绿色溶剂水代替有毒有害的有机溶剂具有重要的环境意义。利用高温水独特的物理化学性质，可以优化反应过程、提高反应效率、简化分离过程。同时，石油高效加氢和加氢裂化是石油资源的有效利用的重要途径。本文在介绍高温水性质的基础上，主要对近年来高温水在重油和重油模型化合物加工利用等方面的研究进展进行了回顾总结。