Al涂层/AZ91镁合金复合铸造界面的研究

对型芯预喷涂一层Al涂层,将AZ91镁合金液浇注到铸型中实现基体和涂层的结合,对凝固后的结合界面组织和相组成进行分析。结果表明,AZ91镁合金液和Al涂层表面的氧化物发生反应,实现了界面间的润湿,形成冶金结合界面。该界面包含3个扩散层:镁合金基体一侧为(Al₁₂Mg₁₇+δ_Mg)共晶组织;中间层为Al₁₂Mg₁₇金属间化合物;Al涂层一侧为Al₃Mg₂金属间化合物,并弥散分布着一些氧化物。试验结果证明,通过复合铸造的方法可以实现Al涂层和镁合金基体的冶金结合。     

基于改进多目标遗传算法的连铸二冷过程优化

采用一种改进的多目标遗传算法对二冷工艺进行优化.改进的多目标遗传算法应用概率法选取选择算子，根据适应度值来动态计算交叉和变异概率，能够得到更好的全局最优解，提高算法精度和整体性能.在基于凝固传热模型的二冷优化过程中，采用变间距差分法离散求解传热方程，对比粒子群算法、多目标遗传算法，改进的多目标遗传算法搜索效率高，得到的价值函数最小.在实际生产中，采用优化后的二冷工艺，使得总用水量减少约10%，提高了铸坯质量，达到了节能降耗的要求.     

Processing and characterization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061–TiB2 composite

In the present research, aluminum metal matrix composites were processed by the stir casting technique. The effects of TiB2 rein-forcement particles, severe plastic deformation through accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and aging treatment on the microstructural charac-teristics and mechanical properties were also evaluated. Uniaxial tensile tests and microhardness measurements were conducted, and the micro-structural characteristics were investigated. Notably, the important problems associated with cast samples, including nonuniformity of the rein-forcement particles and high porosity content, were solved through the ARB process. At the initial stage, particle-free zones, as well as particle clusters, were observed on the microstructure of the composite. However, after the ARB process, fracturing phenomena occurred in brittle ceramic particles, followed by breaking down of the fragments into fine particles as the number of rolling cycles increased. Subsequently, com-posites with a uniform distribution of particles were produced. Moreover, the tensile strength and microhardness of the ARB-processed com-posites increased with the increase in the reinforcement mass fraction. However, their ductility exhibited a different trend. With post-deforma-tion aging treatment (T6), the mechanical properties of composites were improved because of the formation of fine Mg2Si precipitates.     

双辊薄带连铸低碳微合金钢的铸态组织

采用双辊薄带连铸技术制备了低碳微合金钢薄带，利用OM，SEM和TEM对铸态凝固组织、室温组织、析出及位错进行观察和分析.结果表明:低碳微合金钢铸带的凝固组织中二次枝晶间距约为12~15μm，相对于传统厚板坯和薄板坯连铸，铸带组织得到了明显细化.铸带的原奥氏体晶粒尺寸比较粗大，约为250~410μm，其组织由魏氏铁素体、珠光体和不规则铁素体组成.铸带组织中存在纳米级TiC析出和短棒状的渗碳体.TiC析出没有被薄带连铸的凝固过程及二次冷却过程明显抑制.铸带组织由于铸轧力及二次冷却速率不均匀导致大量位错的产生.     

富水砂层大断面暗挖隧道施工地层演化

对于施工环境复杂的暗挖隧道工程,科学合理掌握施工地层演化过程是安全施工的前提.以北京地铁12号线光熙门站—西坝河站区间富水砂层大断面暗挖隧道工程为研究背景,借助FLAC3D有限差分软件,对工程设计施工方案进行模拟,得到了施工过程中地层孔隙水压力、地层沉降损失演化过程,并与现场监测数据进行对比验证,为工程施工规避风险源提供参考.结果 表明:施工掌子面孔隙水压力集中位置主要在暗挖隧道上方注浆形成的"注浆拱"拱顶以及断面未注浆范围;隧道施工过程中,沿施工掘进方向在施工掌子面前、后10 m到掌子面位置范围内,是发生涌水关键位置;地层沉降值经历了由沿中轴线对称分布到集中在中轴线位置处的变化过程,最后沉降值沿中轴线对称分布,导洞1施工掌子面处地表沉降值稳定在12 mm左右;初期支护拱顶沉降以及拱脚水平收敛均分别在45、30 d达到稳定;现场反馈的施工信息与模型计算地层演化过程相吻合,计算结果可为富水砂层大断面暗挖隧道施工方案的选择提供参考.     

基于剖面声呐的海底沙纹演变规律试验研究

海底沙纹是一种尺度较小的微地貌形态，对底床演变和沉积物输运具有重要作用。当前对沙纹的测量方法较少，且都具有一定的局限性。本文基于声呐扫描、光学摄影和人工测量等方法，通过室内水槽试验来研究剖面声呐测量沙纹的可行性，并进一步分析波浪作用下沙纹的演变规律。试验结果表明：剖面声呐观测沙纹具有很好的可行性，能够较好地反演出沙纹的波脊间距和波高等形态特征；沙纹在发育过程中，会依次经历不规则沙纹—弯曲沙纹—交叉沙纹—顺直沙纹四个过程，然后趋于稳定；在5 cm波高和10 cm波高的波浪作用下，沙纹的波脊间距不超过4.5 cm，波高最后稳定在0.5~1.5 cm之间。研究发现剖面声呐观测沙纹具有很好的效果，可为海底沙纹观测提供一种新型的观测技术。     

铸造工艺仿真设计前处理及过程处理应用技术

以应用ProCAST和MAGMAsoft 2款软件为例，针对铸造工艺仿真设计前处理和过程处理每个环节的主要内容与使用方法进行了较为详细地归纳、分析和总结。提出了处理过程的技术路线，并系统地介绍了每项应用内容的操作平台与使用步骤，从而为高效地应用铸造工艺仿真设计提供理论和技术支持。     

纯黏土与砂-黏土混合物渗透特性差异及机理分析

根据重塑纯黏土和砂-黏土混合物试样的室内固结试验结果,反演了渗透系数,探讨了纯黏土和砂-黏土混合物的渗透特性差异.试验结果表明:常用于评价纯黏土渗透性状的归一化指标e/eL(孔隙比与液限状态孔隙比的比值)能拓展运用于砂-黏土混合物中,但e/eL与渗透系数之间呈现非线性关系,这显著不同于纯黏土的线性关系,其本质原因在于混合物在压缩过程中形成了砂骨架.骨架形成前,纯黏土和砂-黏土混合物的e/eL与渗透系数的2条关系曲线吻合良好,而在骨架形成后,两者的关系曲线存在明显的差异;引入砂-黏土混合物四相体系,从黏土孔隙比和砂孔隙比的角度阐述了砂骨架的形成机制,且对两者渗透性状的差异性进行了详细的机理解释;最后给出了一种可以预测纯黏土和砂-黏土混合物渗透系数的经验公式.     

Structure and corrosion resistance of Al–Cu–Fe alloys

The microstructure and electrochemical properties of Al–Cu–Fe alloys with the atomic compositions of Al_(65)Cu_(20)Fe_(15),Al_(78)Cu_7Fe_(15)and Al_(80)Cu_5Fe_(14)Si_1have been studied.The alloys were produced by induction melting of pure elements with copper mold casting.The microstructure of the alloys was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.The formation of quasicrystalline phases in the Al–Cu–Fe alloys was confirmed.The presence of intermetallic phases was observed in the alloys after crystallization in a form of ingots and plates.The electrochemical measurements were conducted in 3.5%NaCl solution.The electronic structure of the alloys was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The post corrosion surface of the samples was checked using a scanning electron microscope equipped with the energydispersive X-ray detector.It was observed that the Al_(65)Cu_(20)Fe_(15)alloy had the highest corrosion resistance.The improved corrosion resistance parameters were noted for the plate samples rather than those in the as-cast state.And the hardness of the Al_(65)Cu_(20)Fe_(15)alloy was significantly higher than the other alloy samples.     

含泥量与含水率对三峡库区花岗岩风化砂细集料抗剪强度的影响

为了研究含泥量和含水率的变化对三峡库区花岗岩细集料强度特性的影响，通过控制含泥量和含水率的变化，采用四联式电动直剪仪在四个不同垂直应力下进行16组直剪试验。结果表明：花岗岩风化砂细集料抗剪强度随含水率和含泥量的增加表现为不同程度的减小；细集料的内摩擦角随含泥量的增大而减小，当含水率为15%时，含水率对内摩擦角不再具有明显的影响；而黏聚力随含泥量的增大而增加，随含水量的增大而减小。花岗岩风化砂细集料的内摩擦角 在20.9°～24.9°之间变化，黏聚力 值6.4 kPa ～21.3kPa之间变化。研究结果可为三峡库区地基或路基工程作参考。