聚偏氟乙烯/磷酸化纳米二氧化硅螯合金属锆杂化膜

结合原位合成法和相转化法,利用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和硅烷偶联剂3氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)改性制备聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)/氨基化纳米二氧化硅(NH 2-SiO 2)杂化膜,然后通过磷酸化处理,固定螯合金属锆(Zr),从而提高杂化膜对卵清蛋白的吸附能力,同时改善了杂化膜的亲水性能。当TEOS质量分数为8%时,改性后的磷酸化Zr+PVDF/NH 2-SiO 2杂化膜对卵清蛋白吸附量达到最大,为150.7 mg/g,且其经过4次吸附洗脱重复循环后对卵清蛋白的解吸附率保持在80%以上,显示该杂化膜具有良好的重复吸附和解吸附能力。     

基于共价有机框架的仿生光动力学治疗试剂的构建

共价有机框架（COF）是一类新兴的多孔有机聚合物，因其具有较大的比表面积、有序的孔道结构以及良好的生物相容性，已成为具有潜力的纳米药物载体.制备了基于COF纳米颗粒的仿生纳米复合物，负载光敏剂孟加拉玫瑰红（RB），并包裹癌细胞膜（CMV）对该复合物进行仿生修饰.结果表明：制备的COF/RB@CMV纳米复合物具有良好的生物兼容性，能够被肿瘤细胞有效摄取，并在光照激活条件下产生对细胞具有高毒性的活性氧化物（ROS），进而起到了杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用.提出了一种新的基于COF的仿生纳米平台用作光动力学治疗（PDT）试剂.     

高性能膜分离材料、膜过程强化关键技术及装备的研制与应用

针对影响和制约膜分离技术大规模推广应用的关键材料与技术瓶颈,中国科学院过程工程研究所"生化工程介质与设备"创新团队经过多年自主创新,在高性能分离膜材料、膜过程强化关键技术和高效膜分离装备等方面取得了系列科研成果,部分成果在调味品、水处理、中药等行业实现了产业化应用,创造了显著的经济效益和社会效益,为提高我国膜工业研发与应用水平,缩短我国膜分离行业与国外先进水平之间的差距,促进膜分离技术的大规模工业化应用做出了贡献。     

Key technologies for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems fueled impure hydrogen

Hydrogen energy and polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells become concerned issues in recent years. Nevertheless, the construction of hydrogen refueling infrastructure and hydrogen storage and transportation constrains the commercial development of fuel cells. In this review, sources, production, storage, transportation, and purification methods of hydrogen are extensively reviewed and compared. The advantages of utilizing industrial by-product hydrogen and steam reforming gas in PEM fuel cell systems are analyzed. Using industrial wasted hydrogen can significantly reduce the cost of hydrogen. Also, it is indicated that the onboard hydrogen generation by steam methanol reforming can solve the difficulties of efficient storage and transportation of gaseous hydrogen, which means that methanol has great potential to be a convenient carrier of hydrogen. The effects of impurities contained in the reformate gas are generally introduced. After the methanol steam reforming and pretreatment purification processes, the reformate gas can be fed to PEM fuel cells. Thus, a fuel cell system integrated with onboard hydrogen production and impure hydrogen treatment subsystems is introduced, and key technologies therein for pretreatment purification and in-situ poisoning mitigation methods are reviewed. Finally, suggestions are proposed for further studies.     

Janus few layered graphene with asymmetric wettability as anti-flooding cathode supports in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Water balance in cathode catalyst layer (CCL) is crucial for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, we report a novel strategy to develop a Janus few layered graphene particles (FLGP) with asymmetric wettability by varying the carbon precursors in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Using the Janus FLGP supported Pt with asymmetric wettability as the cathode of a PEMFC, a peak power density of 632 mW cm⁻² was achieved, which was about two-folds of the hydrophobic FLGP and three-folds of hydrophilic FLGP based cathode, respectively. The enhanced performance could be ascribed to the well-constructed three-phase boundary in an anti-flooding cathode, leading to enlarged electrochemical active surface area and facilitated mass transfer. This work may provide new clues for improving water management in PEMFCs.     

大鼠鞘内给药方法比较及改进

目的通过实验对比研究,介绍一种损伤少、稳定可靠、可持续性给药的鞘内给药方法。方法大鼠72只随机分为6组:4组手术处理组(经枕寰膜置管组、经枕寰膜置管+微型渗透泵组、经腰椎椎间孔置管组、经腰椎椎间孔置管+微型渗透泵组)和2组假手术对照组(经枕寰膜置管假手术组、经腰椎椎间孔置管假手术组)。置管组导管游离端固定于皮肤。观察术后大鼠体质量、致瘫、致死、脱管等一般状态,同时检测手术前后转棒持续时间、机械刺激缩足反射阈值及热刺激缩足反射潜伏期行为学变化。结果经枕寰膜置管大鼠近50%致死、致瘫、一般状态不良(体质量严重下降、口鼻炎性分泌物)。经枕寰膜置管+微型渗透泵组大鼠情况类似。经腰椎椎间孔置管组大鼠未见致死、致瘫及体质量下降,但1/3发生脱管。腰椎椎间孔置管+微型渗透泵组大鼠未见致死、致瘫及体质量下降,全部未脱管。经枕寰膜置管可致大鼠转棒运动能力显著低于术前和对照组,其热刺激缩足反射潜伏期和机械刺激缩足反射阈值均显著低于术前和对照组。经腰椎椎间孔置管对大鼠转棒运动能力和基础痛阈均无明显影响,与对照组和术前自身比较差异均无显著性。结论经腰椎椎间孔置管结合微型渗透泵方法是鞘内给药损伤少、稳定可靠的最佳方法。     

A new microfiltration membrane with three-dimensional reticular architecture for Nano-pollutants removal from wastewater

This research provides a new insight into designing next-generation filtration materials for Nano-pollutants removal from wastewater, and potentially for gas/solid or liquid/solid separation in corrosive environment. Considering the high corrosion and oxidation resistance, Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy and used as a mechanical support with a pore size of around 10 ?μm. Subsequently, metallic Zn nanoparticles was coated on the Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous framework by means of chemical vapor deposition, obtaining a novel microfiltration membrane with three-dimensional reticular architecture. Furthermore, the influence of Zn coating on surface morphology, pore feature, and filtration capability of Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous alloy was investigated. It is of note that the as-prepared microfiltration membrane exhibits an excellent Nano-pollutants filtration efficiency of greater than 99.989% from wastewater. Most importantly, such a three-dimensional reticular architecture provides excellent structural stability, allowing the reutilization of the microfiltration membrane for at least 200 filtration cycles of wastewater treatment.     

基于CFD仿真模拟及PIV粒子示踪相结合法超滤膜组件优化

采用在线监测与水力流体模拟相结合方式,利用数值模拟仿真技术、示踪技术及高速图像采集分析等手段,考察现有超滤膜组件内部的流场分布,并设计出新型超滤膜组件。结果表明,由于超滤膜组件内部流场主要受到布水管布水的影响,布水管上开孔均匀与否将直接影响整个超滤膜组件内部布水的均匀性。与组件UFA-860C相比,设计出的条形孔超滤膜组件因其布水管上有规则地均匀开孔且采用多根布水管组合,在运行时组件内部布水更加均匀,且能够充分利用膜丝的有效面积,从而有效减缓膜污染。     

PVA、PVP和β-CD改性再生纤维素膜的制备及渗透汽化分离己内酰胺水溶液

己内酰胺(CPL)是重要的有机化工原料,对CPL脱水是除杂工艺中最后一步。然而,CPL是热敏性物质,为防止CPL高温分解,重点研究了渗透汽化膜分离技术对CPL脱水。以棉短绒为制膜原料,采用碱溶解方法,通过相转变制备了再生纤维素(RC)膜。研究了铸膜液浓度对膜结构的影响。铸膜液的最佳浓度为4 wt%,RC膜表面平滑、无孔,可作为渗透汽化膜,但纯RC膜的通量较小。因此,选取了聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和β-环糊精(β-CD)分别对RC膜共混改性,考察了改性膜的溶胀度、接触角和渗透汽化膜分离性能。RC-PVA膜的机械强度、通量和分离因子均优于纯RC膜。β-CD提高了膜的分离因子,对通量影响较小。     

黄芪多糖提取工艺及真空膜蒸馏浓缩提取液的研究

以黄芪提取液的多糖得率为考核指标,采用正交实验设计的方法优化并确定了黄芪多糖提取的最佳工艺条件为:提取温度70℃,加水7倍,提取3次,每次提取120min.采用真空膜蒸馏浓缩黄芪提取液,以不同条件下制备的聚丙烯疏水微孔膜作为膜材料,考察了过程通量变化,并分析了在膜蒸馏浓缩过程中膜污染产生的原因.结果表明,提高膜蒸馏过程的进料流量可以减轻膜污染程度.