利用SS前驱波研究纳斯卡–南美俯冲带周边上地幔间断面起伏及其动力学意义

利用USArray的远震记录资料, 对1万多条地震记录的SS前驱波进行共反射点叠加分析(叠加范围是半径为5°的球冠), 得到纳斯卡板块南部及南美板块西部(120°W—60°W, 30°S—5°N)上地幔间断面的起伏形态。由于数据很好地覆盖了研究区域, 叠加范围更小, 因此比以往的结果具有更高的空间分辨率。在Galapagos, Easter和 San Felix这3个热点下方观测到的间断面起伏形态符合地幔深部存在高温异常的假设。还观测到: 在东太平洋洋隆南段下方, 410 km间断面深度增加; 在俯冲带下方, 410 km和 660 km间断面深度增加。     

The landing zone – Ground for model transfer in chemistry

This essay proposes a new notion - the landing zone - in order to identify conceptual features that allow modelers to transfer mathematical tools across disciplinary borders. This discussion refers to the transferable models as ‘templates’. Templates are functions, equations, or computational methods that are capable of being generalized from a particular subject matter. There are formal and conceptual prerequisites for the transfer of a template to a new domain. A landing zone is an ontology that contributes to the satisfaction of these conditions for successful transfer. This paper presents a case study on a model in chemistry - the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) - that makes use of transferred templates from physics - the virial theorem and the wave function. The landing zone in this case is a new ontological notion, that of the topological atom, which prepares ground for the use of the virial theorem and the wave function in chemistry. The virial theorem requires that there exists in-principle stability to the system that it represents, and the wave function requires transformation in its representation that is justified. The ontology of QTAIM - the landing zone for these templates - grounds the scientific use of these templates in the context of chemistry.     

Neural network structure identification in inflation forecasting

Neural networks (NNs) are appropriate to use in time series analysis under conditions of unfulfilled assumptions, i.e., non‐normality and nonlinearity. The aim of this paper is to propose means of addressing identified shortcomings with the objective of identifying the NN structure for inflation forecasting. The research is based on a theoretical model that includes the characteristics of demand‐pull and cost‐push inflation; i.e., it uses the labor market, financial and external factors, and lagged inflation variables. It is conducted at the aggregate level of euro area countries from January 1999 to January 2017. Based on the estimated 90 feedforward NNs (FNNs) and 450 Jordan NNs (JNNs), which differ in variable parameters (number of iterations, learning rate, initial weight value intervals, number of hidden neurons, and weight value of the context unit), the mean square error (MSE), and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) are calculated for two periods: in‐the‐sample and out‐of‐sample. Ranking NNs simultaneously on both periods according to either MSE or AIC does not lead to the selection of the ‘best’ NN because the optimal NN in‐the‐sample, based on MSE and/or AIC criteria, often has high out‐of‐sample values of both indicators. To achieve the best compromise solution, i.e., to select an optimal NN, the preference ranking organization method for enrichment of evaluations (PROMETHEE) is used. Comparing the optimal FNN and JNN, i.e., FNN(4,5,1) and JNN(4,3,1), it is concluded that under approximately equal conditions, fewer hidden layer neurons are required in JNN than in FNN, confirming that JNN is parsimonious compared to FNN. Moreover, JNN has a better forecasting performance than FNN.     

基于井间动态连通性模型的注采参数优化方法

水驱油田开发过程中,由于储层非均质性以及注采参数与井网不匹配,造成优势通道发育,注入水低效无效循环严重.为了对注采井间各方向优势通道进行定量描述,基于物质平衡理论与叠加原理,在考虑井底流压变化的基础上,建立了油藏井间动态连通性反演模型——阻容模型,并运用人工蜂群算法进行求解,通过模型求解得到了不同注采井间的连通系数,经验证该系数合理表征了油藏井间动态连通程度.针对优势通道发育造成注水井在各注采方向上水驱不均衡、剩余油饱和度分布差异较大的问题,基于最优化理论,以当前各生产井含水率条件下生产井总产油量最大为目标函数,结合油水井动态生产数据,建立一种基于井间动态连通性模型的注采参数优化方法,并利用优化算法对该模型进行求解.实例应用表明:利用本文方法优化注采参数后,含水率得到明显控制,注入水驱替效率明显提高,并且本文方法仅需要油水井的动态生产资料,简单实用,对矿场具有较高的应用价值.     

新型三线性本构内聚力模型的界面参数研究

复合材料多向层合板分层扩展行为的准确模拟对层板结构设计非常重要。笔者前期工作已经建立了一种基于失效机理的新型三线性本构内聚力模型来考虑纤维桥接对分层行为的影响。在此基础上,基于二维有限元模型对该新型内聚力本构中的关键参数开展了数值研究,获得了适用于复合材料多向层合板数值模拟的内聚力本构参数取值方案。最后采用确定的本构参数对复合材料多向层合板的分层扩展行为进行了模拟,所得模拟结果与试验结果之间的一致性较好,进而验证了所建立参数取值方案的有效性。     

赣南花岗岩风化带岩土体强度特征及边坡破坏模式分析

为研究赣南地区花岗岩风化带岩土体强度特性及边坡破坏模式,采用室内岩矿鉴定、X粉晶衍射试验和电镜扫描等方法对原岩和全风化花岗岩进行矿物成分和微观结构分析,同时通过全风化花岗岩三轴固结不排水剪切试验,中风化花岗岩单轴和三轴试验对风化带岩土体的强度特征和破坏模式进行了研究。结果表明:随着围压增大,全风化花岗岩应力-应变关系发生了转型,破坏模式为先鼓胀再剪切破坏;中风化花岗岩在单轴压缩条件下经历了四个破坏阶段,三轴试验得到岩块的抗剪强度参数,经虎克布朗准则反演得到了岩体的强度参数。结合野外特征,赣南花岗岩风化带岩土体边坡失稳破坏模式主要有5种,其中坡面冲刷破坏占比较大。     

河北省承德地区大地热流

地温监测孔长期地温监测资料显示，承德市地区恒温带深度是20m，恒温带温度是9.9℃。结合承德上板城镇CD-01地热地质勘探孔测温资料，本文利用恒温带温度、井底温度数据，通过回归分析方法，获取了钻孔真实地温分布信息。采集CD-01钻孔90块岩心样品，测试了岩石热物性参数。CD-01钻孔大地热流计算结果是46.4 mW/m2，高于早期承德地区大地热流研究成果（44.8 mW/m2和30.1 mW/m2），但都低于我国大陆地区平均热流值（60.4±12.3 mW/m2）和全球大陆地区平均热流值（65.0±1.6 mW/m2），为低热流值，反映了承德地区的低热流背景。     

端面顶板冒落高度影响因素 多元线性回归分析

基于数理统计的方法,对影响端面顶板稳定性的多个因素进行了正交试验分析,将顶板冒落高度作为判断指标,得到了各因素的影响程度.影响程度从大到小依次为裂隙发育程度风化岩体强度推进速度端面距=支架初撑力采高.然后,假设端面顶板冒落高度与各影响因素线性相关,采用统计分析软件SPSS对各因素进行多元线性回归分析,结果表明,各因素与顶板冒落高度的线性关系成立,且得到了各因素的回归方程.最后,根据分析结果提出了预防端面顶板冒落的具体措施,为控制端面顶板提供依据.     

Redefinition of Nipponbathynella based on the four new species from East Asia (Crustacea: Bathynellacea: Parabathynellidae)

Four new species of the parabathynellid genus Nipponbathynella Schminke, 1973 are described from South Korea (Nipponbathynella leesookyungae sp. nov., Nipponbathynella donggangensis sp. nov. and Nipponbathynella wanjuensis sp. nov.) and Japan (Nipponbathynella shigaensis sp. nov.), raising the number of known species to seven. Nipponbathynella leesookyungae is characterized by the convex ventral surface of the labrum and the rich ornamentation (with three spinules and two teeth) of the exopod of male thoracopod VIII; N. donggangensis by the distal spine on the distal maxillular segment with many dentils; N. wanjuensis by the endopod of the male thoracopod VIII with one seta (instead of two) and the serrated endopodal spur of the uropod; and N. shigaensis by the basipod of thoracopods II–VII carrying strong hairs on their outer margin. The three new and one known (Nipponbathynella pectina) South Korean species share a bur-like inner lobe of the male thoracopod VIII, suggesting their close relationship. Based on the one-segmented exopod on thoracopod I and two-segmented exopod on the thoracopods II–VII, the bell-shaped male thoracopod VIII and the uropod with sympod carrying a large distal spine in addition to several proximal spines of smaller size, with endopod drawn into a spur and with exopod carrying a seta, a close phylogenetic relationship between Nipponbathynella and Arisubathynella Park and Eun, 2012 is proposed.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9650379F-C249-473C-AAA4-B3D638B96322     

波流作用下破波带内污染物输移扩散试验

利用在破波带内连续采集的污染团图像，研究平直斜坡上规则波斜向入射时破波带内污染物的输移扩散特性。在介绍试验情况以及图像处理方法的基础上，获取污染团的形心点和离散程度，通过追踪形心点在水平二维空间的变化，线形拟合得到污染团在沿岸和垂直岸线方向的输移速度，并分析沿岸方向输移速度与时均沿岸流速最大值的关系；基于高斯扩散理论拟合得到垂直岸线方向扩散系数。利用该方法获得了 5 种波况下污染团水平方向输移速度、垂直岸线方向的扩散系数，并对其进行分析。结果表明:沿岸方向的污染物输移速度约为时均沿岸流速最大值的 33%，垂直岸线方向输移速度及扩散系数分别在 0.008~0.030 m/s 和 0.16×10^-3~2.6×10^-3 m²/s 范围内。