菊苣酸脂质体制备工艺研究

研究菊苣酸脂质体的最佳制备工艺。采用薄膜分散-超声法制备菊苣酸脂质体，以包封率为评价指标，采用Box-Behnken design响应面优化法优化制备工艺参数。结果显示最佳制备工艺为：磷脂与胆固醇的质量比为4.20:1，磷脂与药物的质量比为11.44:1，超声时间为6.54 min，采用最优工艺制备的脂质体包封率为75.18%。采用Box Behnken design响应面法优选出了最佳制备工艺，所得工艺合理可行。     

酯交换季铵型阳离子大豆油表面活性剂的合成及物化性能研究

以大豆油为基本原料,经过酯交换、环氧化、季铵化一系列反应合成酯交换季铵型阳离子表面活性剂,研究它的物化性能,并与季铵型阳离子大豆油表面活性剂和广泛使用的CTAB进行对比,结果表明:经过酯交换合成的季铵型阳离子表面活性剂能较显著地降低水的表面张力,具有更低的临界胶束浓度.     

溶菌酶脂质体的制备及其对生物膜的剥离作用

采用逆向蒸发法制备了稳定的溶菌酶脂质体.在不锈钢表面培养出稳定生物膜后,分别利用溶菌酶和溶菌酶脂质体对其进行剥离.运用Zeta电位仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)对脂质体和生物膜进行表征.结果表明制备的脂质体平均粒径为80~100 nm,包封率为82.4%.相同浓度下溶菌酶及其脂质体对混合菌种形成的生物膜剥离效率分别达到62.4%和86.5%.溶菌酶脂质体在24h内对生物膜和水体中微生物去除率分别达到89.6%和99.6%.因此,溶菌酶脂质体能够有效控制不锈钢表面生物膜污染风险.     

阳离子絮凝剂的合成及应用

以环氧氯丙烷、二甲胺和二乙烯三胺为原料制得了阳离子絮凝剂,研究了原料的摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对产品性能的影响.利用红外光谱对合成产物的结构进行了表征,并对染料溶液和实际染色废水进行了脱色效果试验.结果表明,当n（环氧氯丙烷）∶n（二甲胺）∶n（二乙烯三胺）=1.1∶1∶0.12,加料温度控制在20～25℃,升温至70℃,反应5 h制得的阳离子絮凝剂,对染料溶液和实际染色废水的脱色率均可达95%以上.     

阳离子聚合物粘土稳定剂 的研制与室内研究

摘要：本文在室内通过对二甲胺和环氧氯丙烷进行缩合聚合反应,研制一种阳离子聚合物粘土稳定剂,通过相关实验评价性能。在20℃下,1%浓度的粘土稳定剂防膨率为87.2%,俩次岩屑回收率均高于73%,24h静态膨胀率小于27.5%。     

CTAB/ATT复合物修饰玻碳电极测定邻硝基酚的研究

利用恒温振荡的方法制备了阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)与凹凸棒土(ATT)的复合物(CTAB/ATT),并用红外光谱进行了表征.采用物理涂覆法将CTAB/ATT的复合物固定在玻碳电极表面,制成CTAB/ATT复合物修饰电极,研究了邻硝基酚在该修饰电极上的电化学行为.结果表明,邻硝基酚在该修饰电极上具有良好的灵敏度、选择性和稳定性.在优化的实验条件下,利用差分脉冲伏安法测定其峰电流,邻硝基酚的浓度在4.0×10-6~2.0×10-5mol/L范围内与电流呈线性关系,线性方程i(μA)=-0.0176+0.0951c(10-6mol/L),相关系数r=0.9978,最低检测限2.0×10-7mol/L.     

吐温-80和脂质体对厚朴酚荧光光谱的影响

分析厚朴酚在吐温-80胶束和脂质体溶液中荧光光谱的变化，发现：1）浓度为2mmol·L^-1的吐温-80胶束对厚朴酚有荧光增敏作用，厚朴酚存在于吐温-80的疏水核中，其荧光光谱发生了明显的红移；2）在4mg·mL^-1的脂质体溶液中，厚朴酚的荧光光谱变得复杂，谱图信息反映厚朴酚同时存在于水相和双脂层膜相中，且在二者之间存在分配平衡，通过测定λ365、λ397处的荧光光谱随厚朴酚浓度的变化，得到了厚朴酚在脂质体膜相和水相中的分配平衡关系；3）脂质体溶液中加入吐温-80，厚朴酚在双脂层膜相中的分布增加，其荧光光谱发生了红移．     

Enhancement of the efficiency of PEI/liposome transfection by magnetofectins formed via electrostatic self-assembly

One of the major challenges for successful gene therapy is improving the transfection efficiency of non-viral vectors. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been developed as enhancers of non-viral vehicles. We prepared MNPs and modified them with polyethyleneimine (PEI), citric acid (CA) or carboxylmethyl-dextran (CMD). Both positively charged MNPs (MNPs@PEI) and negatively charged MNPs (MNPs@CA, MNPs@CMD) could spontaneously form transfection complexes (magnetofectins) with plasmid DNA and PEI/liposome via electrostatic self-assembly. Our results showed as-prepared magnetofectins apparently enhanced PEI/liposome transfection efficiency and/or gene expression level into COS-7 cells with reduced transfection time from 4 h to 15 min under a magnetic field in vitro. Meanwhile, the effect of magnetofection was cell line-dependant. These results suggest that charged MNPs could improve transfection efficiency for non-viral vectors by simply mixing with them and by exerting a magnetic force. Thus such MNPs provide a convenient platform for further applications of gene delivery.     

Phase behavior and properties of salt-free cationic/anionic surfactant mixtures of oleic acid and stearic acid

Cationic base surfactant, tetradecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide （TTAOH）, can be obtained through anion exchange from tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide （TTABr）. Salt-free cationic and anionic （catanionic） surfactant mixtures were studied by mixing TTAOH with oleic acid （OA） or stearic acid （SA） in water. The phase behavior of TTAOH/OA/H2O is compared with that of TTAOH/SA/H2O. It was found that the phase behavior of TTAOH/OA/H2O and TTAOH/SA/H2O system differs from each other due to the existence of the unsaturated double carbon bond （C=C） in OA. At fixed total surfactant concentration （25 mg/mL） of TTAOH/ONH2O system at 25℃, one can observe an isotropic L1 phase, and a L1/Lα two-phase region with increasing OA content. The volume of top turbid Lα phase increases while the bottom phase changes gradually from transparently clear to a bit turbid until a single Lα-phase is reached. Finally at high OA concentration, excess OA is separated from the bulk aqueous solutions. TTAOH/SA/H2O system usually forms white precipitating at 25℃ due to the high chain melting temperature of SA. When heated to 60℃, however, the state of samples changes. At fixed total surfactant concentration of 25 mg/mL, an isotropic Lα phase and a milk-white or bluish Lα-phase are observed with increasing SA concentration. Transparent thin layers which are strongly birefringent form at the tops of some samples within the Lα-phase region. Finally, at high SA concentration, excess SA is separated from the bulk aqueous solutions. In addition to phase behavior study, we also measured the conductivity of TTAOH/OA/H2O system at 25℃ and TTAOH/SA/H2O system at 60℃, respectively. Surface tension and rheological measurements were also performed on typical samples.     

正交试验法优选鬼臼毒素新型脂质体的制备工艺

确立鬼臼毒素新型脂质体的最佳制备工艺.采用正交设计方法对最佳制备工艺进行实验,以氢化磷脂与胆固醇比例、氢化磷脂与PAMAM dendrimer G3.5脂质小球的比例、氢化磷脂与鬼臼毒素的比例、旋转蒸发温度为4个因素,包封率为考察指标,筛选出鬼臼毒素新型脂质体最佳制备工艺.优选出鬼臼毒素新型脂质体的制备工艺为氢化磷脂:胆固醇=20:3.26,氢化磷脂:PAMAMdendrimer G3.5脂质小球=20:0.5,氢化磷脂:鬼臼毒素=20:1.5,旋转蒸发温度为45℃.所选工艺制备的成品符合脂质体的质量标准.