Mechanical properties of carbonfi ber/cellulose composite papers modified by hot-melting fibers

Carbon fiber(CF)/cellulose(CLS) composite papers were prepared by papermaking techniques and hot-melting fibers were used for modification. The mechanical properties of the obtained composite papers with different CF,CLS and hot-melting fiber ratios were studied and further discussed. It is observed that,for both CF/CLS composite papers and those modified by hot-melting fibers,the normal stress firstly increases and then declines with the addition of carbon fibers. The results also show that with the addition of hot-melting fibers,the modified papers exhibit enhanced mechanical performance compared to CF/CLS composite papers. Through SEM characterization,it is confirmed that the improvement of mechanical properties attributes to the reinforcement of adhesive binding at the fiber overlap nodes. Also,through four-probe method,the resistivity and the electrical performance of the modified and unmodified papers were characterized and the result shows that the hot-melting fiber modification brings no harm to the electrical properties.     

Effects of baria on propane oxidation activity of Pd/Al2O3 catalyst: Pd–BaO interactio n and reaction routes

The BaO-modified Pd/Al2O3exhibits much better catalytic activity than Pd/Al2O3for C3H8 oxidation both before and after the hydrothermal aging treatment. Further studies ascribe its good activity to the influence of BaO species on the physicochemical characteristics of the catalyst and the reaction routes. Firstly, the BaO species inhibits the phase transformation of alumina, resulting in higher surface area of the catalysts and hereby a better dispersion of Pd. Secondly, the basic nature and electron-withdrawing effect of barium oxide maintain palladium at high oxidation state, which leads to a higher PdO content on surface of the BaO-modified catalyst. Finally, the formation/decomposition of carbonate/bicarbonate species can be promoted by the addition of BaO, which provide extra reaction routes and are important for the deep oxidation of C3H8.     

Solvent-free selective hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene to o-chloroaniline over alumina supported Pt nanoparticles

A supported Pt/Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by immobilizing preformed colloidal Pt nanoparticles on Al2O3. The particle size and size distribution of Pt particles on Al2O3 remained the same as the colloidal nanoparticles. Selective hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene to ochloroaniline was performed on the as-prepared Pt/Al2O3 nanocatalyst without using any solvent and 88.5% selectivity to o-chloroaniline at 98.2% conversion of o-chloronitrobenzene was achieved. Further catalytic experiments with metal cation modification showed that some metal cations could improve the activity in various degrees while maintaining the high selectivity. Especially, 99.8% selectivity to o-chloroaniline at ~100% conversion was attained with Sn4t.     

扩环和缩环重排反应的从头算研究

用哈特里-福克(HF)方法、STO-3G^*基组,分别对半片呐醇和环庚烷正离子的重排机理进行了从头算研究,计算了半片呐醇和环庚烷正离子重排过程中的各个状态的几何构型、零点能,同时对反应路径进行了计算。结果表明：半片呐醇重排是环的扩大过程,在扩环过程中,N≡N逐渐远离C7,C7-C6-O8键角发生很大变化,导致C7与C1之间的距离变短,同时C1-C6之间的键长变长;而环庚烷正离子的重排则是环的缩小过程,在缩环过程中,经历了两个过渡态;首先是C1-C7的键长变长,C1-C6的键长变短,形成State2结构,然后是H17的位置移动,两面角C7-C6-C5-C1发生很大变化,产生甲基环己烷正碳离子的椅式结构。     

双核碱性功能化离子液体催化Knoevenagel缩合反应

采用咪唑与二溴烷烃为原料,两步法合成了5种新型咪唑类碱性双核功能化离子液体催化剂,考察了在醛与氰基化合物的Knoevenagel缩合反应中的催化性能。结果表明:咪唑类碱性双核功能化离子液体在Knoevenagel反应中具有很好的催化性能,在其中以双-(3-甲基-1-咪唑)亚丁基双氢氧化物离子液体的催化糠醛与丙二氰Knoevenagel缩合反应的活性最好,其产物的收率高达93.2%,而双-(3-甲基-1-咪唑)亚己基双氢氧化物离子液体对研究中的类醛与氰基化合物的Knoevenagel缩合反应都有较好的催化效果。     

金属离子对粘土液塑限影响的实验研究

在正交实验设计的基础上,对粘土吸附离子的力学特性进行了室内实验研究．结果表明：粘土的塑性指数基本随吸附离子含量的增大而增大;在单离子的情况下,离子浓度与土的塑性指数之间表现出良好的线性关系．     

从适地适树到适钙适树的理论与例证

适地适树是造林学理论与实践的基本原则。实现树种和立地“配对”即适地适树的传统方法是:首先对有林地目标造林树种的生长指标(通常是树高)和根据经验所选定的立地指标(通常包括气候、地形地貌、土壤、植被等)进行相关分析; 然后根据相关结果选定主要立地指标,并依据这些指标对有林和无林地的立地质量进行分类; 最后划分该树种的最适宜、较适宜、一般适宜和不适宜生长的立地类型,以用于指导造林生产活动。但基于经验和相关分析对立地质量进行评价的方法中存在其立地指标因人、因地和因树的改变而无法重复的缺陷。为此,提出以土壤钙的供应潜力作为立地质量的统一指标,以树种最大生长对钙的需求作为树种的生物学特性指标,当树种最大生长的钙需求与立地钙供应潜力相吻合时,树种与立地则满足适地适树原则。依此原理,以辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis Koidz)为例,建立了基于钙供给与需求平衡的理论数学模型。运用该模型计算造林树种的理论生长指数,通过理论生长指数与最大实际生长量的比值得到适钙适树指数。通过对适钙适树指数与实际生长量进行相关分析验证了适钙适树理论模型的可预测性和真实性。结果表明,用土壤钙供应潜力作为立地质量评价指标可以很好地在造林生产活动中贯彻适地适树原则。适地适树的本质即为适钙适树。     

低熔点低粘度的季铵盐类离子液体的合成与表征

烷基链的长短和对称性影响着四烷基季铵离子液体的理化性质,影响着其应用前景.本实验室设计、合成了系列新型丁基三乙基季铵型功能化离子液体,该类离子液体与之前报道的相应离子液体相比,具有相对较低的熔点,同时也具有更低的粘度.合成的离子液体中阴离子分别是三氟甲基磺酰根((CF3SO2)2N-)、六氟磷酸根(PF6-)、四氟硼酸根(BF4-)、硫酸氢根(HSO4-)、硫氰酸根(SCN-)和对甲苯磺酸根(PTSA-);利用核磁共振仪、密度仪、热分析仪、黏度仪、元素分析仪对其进行表征;研究了其与常规溶剂的相溶性,并对其结构和性质之间的关系进行探讨.     

硫酸盐体系中阳离子对水分子氢键破坏效应

利用拉曼光谱对室温下Na2SO4-H2O、MgSO4-H2O、ZnSO4-H2O、Fe2(SO4)3-H2O体系中水分子的O-H伸缩振动情况开展研究。首先,通过对频谱中2 800~4 000 cm^-1区间,特别是3 400 cm^-1附近主峰拉曼位移的移动幅度和3 200 cm^-1附近肩峰强弱的考察,研究了拉曼光谱中不同阳离子浓度和类型对水分子中O-H伸缩振动的影响规律。其次,借助高斯拟合分峰的方法考察了各阳离子对水分子不同氢键结构类型的破坏效应。最后,系统分析了配合物的生成和阳离子破坏效应的共同作用。结果表明：不同阳离子的硫酸盐溶液对水分子氢键的破坏能力规律为：Na2SO4> Fe2(SO4)3> MgSO4> ZnSO4。     

同温度及曲率NaK-BASE管内Na+和K+迁移数值模拟

本文以NaK-AMTEC的BASE管内的Na+和K+迁移为研究对象,建立了NaK-BASE管显微结构的分形模型,采用微观Poisson-Nernst-Planck多离子运移模型模拟了Na+和K+在BASE管中的迁移,考察了不同温度下NaK BASE管内离子的迁移过程。研究结果表明,NaK-BASE管内的阳离子迁移浓度和表面电荷密度与BASE管的温度直接相关;温度的升高会使BASE管内阳离子浓度峰值有所减小,可通过增加BASE管曲率来提高该峰值。BASE管内的表面电荷密度随着温度的升高逐渐增大,且不同温度表面电荷密度之差随着曲率的增加逐渐增大。