基于MODIS-NDVI汶川震中区域十年后植被恢复的时空变化特征分析

为分析研究受汶川地震影响下茂县、汶川以及都江堰三县的植被动态恢复状况,通过对中分辨率成像光谱仪-植被指数(MODIS-NDVI)时间序列数据计算2007～2017年各年的植被覆盖度,进一步计算2009～2012年以及2013～2017年植被覆盖恢复率,并结合地形地貌、地质构造、地质灾害、植被类型和人类活动等影响因素探讨该地区植被恢复的时空差异变化。结果表明:研究区植被在2007～2017年这10年内随着时间逐渐恢复,且恢复较好,但震中区域差异明显;结合实地调查滑坡数据,得知研究区与滑坡区植被恢复都表现出明显的滞后性;海拔和道路距离与植被恢复面积比分别存在显著的相关性;不同坡向上的植被恢复面积比也存在差异;研究区内地质构造复杂的区域地质灾害频发,灾害密度越大,植被恢复显著点较少;由于各种植被类型的特性不同,导致植被恢复的快慢不同,其中草甸、针叶林、阔叶林及灌丛自然恢复速率较快。可见,研究区内植被恢复受到自然与人为等多种因素影响,震后绝大部分区域植被在10年内恢复到震前水平,但部分区域需要人类进行政策保护,研究结果可为地震灾后植被恢复的决策干预提供理论支撑。     

架空地线电磁感应电流计算与仿真分析

对架空地线电磁感应电流产生的机理进行分析,利用ATP-EMTP上搭建不同电压等级的架空线路模型,并计算光纤复合架空地线(Optical Fiber Composite Overhead Ground Wire, OPGW)上的电磁感应电流,分析了影响OPGW上感应电流大小的因素,为实测及利用此感应电流进行感应取电提供参考依据.     

KL油田沙三下亚段混合沉积特征及演化

针对目前莱州湾凹陷南斜坡带KL油田沙河街组三段下亚段陆源碎屑与碳酸盐岩混合沉积形成条件、沉积特征及模式认识程度较低的问题，利用该区壁芯、薄片及扫描电镜等资料，结合构造演化、古气候和古地貌背景，在层序格架约束下研究沉积环境，分析其沉积特征。结果表明，研究区发育混合沉积，形成于宽缓斜坡、亚热带湿润气候，兼具湖平面、物源、水动力条件周期性变化等条件；该混合沉积包括相缘渐变混合与原地混合两种沉积类型，互层式和组分式两种混合模式，以及4种混合样式。两种混合沉积类型沉积机理不同，混合模式及组合样式表现较大差异，因而具有不同的储层微观特征。     

The material theory of induction and the epistemology of thought experiments

John D. Norton is responsible for a number of influential views in contemporary philosophy of science. This paper will discuss two of them. The material theory of induction claims that inductive arguments are ultimately justified by their material features, not their formal features. Thus, while a deductive argument can be valid irrespective of the content of the propositions that make up the argument, an inductive argument about, say, apples, will be justified (or not) depending on facts about apples. The argument view of thought experiments claims that thought experiments are arguments, and that they function epistemically however arguments do. These two views have generated a great deal of discussion, although there hasn't been much written about their combination. I argue that despite some interesting harmonies, there is a serious tension between them. I consider several options for easing this tension, before suggesting a set of changes to the argument view that I take to be consistent with Norton's fundamental philosophical commitments, and which retain what seems intuitively correct about the argument view. These changes require that we move away from a unitary epistemology of thought experiments and towards a more pluralist position.     

Epistemic benefits of the material theory of induction

C. D. Broad famously labelled the problem of providing our inductive practices with a proper justification “the scandal of philosophy” (Broad, 1952). Recently, John Norton has provided a dissolution of this problem (2014). According to Norton, inductive inference is grounded in particular facts obtaining within particular domains (J. Norton, 2003b, 2010, 2014). Because the material theory does not involve a universal schema of induction, Norton claims it dissolves the problem of induction (which implies that such universal schemas cannot be justified).In this paper, I critically evaluate Norton's dissolution. In particular, I argue that the problem of induction is an epistemological problem, that Norton's material theory entails an externalist epistemology, and that it is a common feature of such epistemologies that they dissolve the problem of induction. The upshot is that the material theory is not unique in its ability to reap the specifically epistemic benefits of dissolving the problem of induction, and thus that the epistemic advantages of the material theory over extant alternatives in this regard are fewer than it may appear at first sight.     

否定证据加速类别归纳证据积累并降低反应标准

最近的研究揭示否定证据促进了基于类别的归纳力度判断,但忽略了增加否定证据时,归纳反应时和判断标准的变化,为验证该结论,分别在具体结论(实验1)和一般结论(实验2)2种结论类型下采用2(前提:基线、增加否定证据)×2(结论:一致、不一致)被试内设计,观察增加否定证据对结论判断力度、反应时和判断标准的影响.研究发现增加否定证据提高了归纳力度;同时,进一步发现无论是具体结论还是一般结论条件下,增加否定证据均缩短了结论判断的反应时并降低了判断标准,为线性弹道积累模型提供了证据支持.     

资源型城市环城游憩带空间结构分析——以枣庄市为例

针对城市居民以城市周围为目的的近距离旅游日益增长状况,选取枣庄5区1市49处旅游地作为研究样本,按照旅游活动性质将旅游地分为5种类型.因枣庄组群城市特征选取枣庄汽车总站和滕州火车站为中心,分别对49处旅游地数据进行城市中心距离、回转半径法与空间分布曲线等旅游计量地理研究,从而得出枣庄环城游憩带旅游地的空间结构特征.提出了枣庄环城游憩带的"一轴一廊,两翼辉映"的环城市游憩空间格局建议.     

廊固凹陷天然气储层识别方法

廊固凹陷沙三段受构造、油藏、岩性变化、泥浆侵入等因素影响,利用测井资料识别油气层难度较大.在分析常规三孔隙度、中子伽马测井及核磁、阵列声波测井对油气层响应机理的基础上,充分挖掘不同测井信息,建立多种定性与定量的气层测井识别方法.通过对不同测井系列油气层解释技术及应用效果的总结和分析,提出测井采集优选方案,建立了针对性和实用性的解释方法,有效提高了低阻和疑难气层的识别能力.     

t-分布分位点的幂级数算法

依据t-分布tγ的x分位点函数F-1γ(x)的幂级数展开式可以给出一种计算F-1γ(x)的近似值的具体方法.结果显示,在给定自由度γ时,随着x离12越远,进行近似计算的项数越多;在给定x时,随着自由度增加,近似计算的项数减少;可以达到Matlab软件中算法的精度.     

单正态总体假设检验的两类错误概率关系分析

针对参数假设检验中的两类错误概率关系问题,以单正态总体均值以及方差假设检验为例,通过检验所得的接受域和拒绝域,具体分析了假设检验的两类错误"弃真"和"取伪"概率的关系.该方法有效地补充了教材中在样本容量固定和控制第一类错误概率情形下两类错误概率变化关系的原理.