固定化蜡质芽孢杆菌处理制革废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的条件优化

为了高效去除制革废水中的Cr(Ⅵ),实验采用粉末活性炭包埋蜡质芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscereus)制成固定化细胞颗粒,并探讨了该颗粒去除Cr(Ⅵ)的效果。结果表明,在pH值5.0、温度37℃、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度小于10mg/L、颗粒用量0.5g/mL左右时,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率较大;在最优条件下,固定化细胞颗粒处理Cr(Ⅵ)的效果比未加菌体的固定化颗粒和Bacillus cereus单独处理时的效果都好。研究表明,固定化Bacillus cereus细胞颗粒可以作为一种新的生物材料,处理制革废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)。     

电化学免疫传感器中生物活性物质的固定方法研究进展

电化学免疫传感器由于具有高选择性、高灵敏度等特点,在医疗、环境检测和食品分析上应用越来越广泛.近年来,关于电化学免疫传感器的性能和检测方法的优化研究也越来越多.本文主要介绍了当前电化学免疫传感器研制中的核心技术即生物活性物质的固定方法的一些研究成果.     

鸡肝碱性磷酸酶提取及在线固定化研究

分别用有机溶剂沉淀法和盐析法从大骨鸡肝中提取出碱性磷酸酶,并考察了提取酶液的酶促反应动力学性质.在此基础上,利用顺序注射系统将提取酶在线固定于XC—72导电炭黑表面,制备了固定化碱性磷酸酶.结果表明,大骨鸡肝碱性磷酸酶催化磷酸苯二钠分解的最佳pH=10.8,最适温度为50℃,米氏常数为1.62 mmol/L.相比游离酶,所得固定化酶的比活力显著提高.     

固定化微生物去除地下水中氯苯研究

为探索固定化微生物技术去除地下水氯苯的最佳条件,采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)和海藻酸钠为包埋剂,培养了含氯苯的菌泥驯化培养的微生物,以制备固定化微生物小球,处理地下水中的氯苯.本研究从机械强度,传质性,氯苯降解率等方面综合考虑,利用正交实验确定了制备固定化微生物小球的最佳条件,并对固定化微生物和游离微生物降解氯苯的效果进行了比较.另外,还对固定化微生物降解地下水中氯苯的影响因素进行了探讨.实验结果表明,氯苯初始浓度大于20mg/L,固定化微生物降解氯苯效果好于游离微生物的.当小球粒径为1mm,菌液接种量为8%,氯苯初始浓度为80mg/L,pH值为7.0左右,盐度低于1.5%,控制培养温度为10℃,摇床转速为120r/min时,固定化微生物降解性能较好.     

苯酚高效降解菌的筛选及其降解特性研究

从某焦化厂处理废水的活性污泥中筛选到一株苯酚高效降解菌(Wust-C),该菌属革兰氏阴性菌.对Wust-C降解苯酚的特性进行试验研究.结果表明,在初始苯酚浓度为1 000 mg/L的试样中,培养24 h后,Wust-C对苯酚的降解率可达98％;初始苯酚浓度为300 mg/L试样中的苯酚可在8h内完全降解.采用海藻酸钠对菌体进行固定化后,Wust-C的降酚效率进一步得到提高.培养24 h后,固定化Wust-C对初始苯酚浓度为1 200 mg/L试样中的苯酚降解率达到100％,初始苯酚浓度为300 mg/L试样中的苯酚可在4h内完全降解.Wust-C的加入对混合菌群降解苯酚起到了促进作用.     

Phosphorus Bioavailability in a Phosphorus-Abundant System under Repeated Sediment Resuspension Conditions

Variation of bioavailable phosphorus ( BAP )concentrations,i.e.,the sum of dissolved total phosphorus (DTP)and bioavailable particulate phosphorus ( BAPP),was investigated in a phosphorus (P)-abund...     

硫固定法处理重金属废渣制作硫磺建材的研究

以某冶炼厂污酸处理后形成的硫化渣和石膏渣为原料,在分析浸出毒性和抗压性能的基础上,探讨硫固定的工艺条件.研究结果表明:硫化渣的浸出毒性比石膏渣的浸出毒性强,其中Zn和Cd的浸出质量浓度分别为1 547.0 mg/L和104.4 mg/L;增加硫磺用量和添加石膏渣有利于降低其浸出质量浓度;利用1 mol/L硫化钠溶液进行预处理,固化体中的Zn和Cd浸出质量浓度分别为1.74 mg/L和0.87 mg/L,低于危险废物浸出毒性鉴别标准(GB 5085.3-2007);当硫化渣粒径小于150 μm,石膏渣用量为20％,骨料用量为15％时,固化体的抗压强度达到最大值47.5 MPa,根据混凝土强度检验评定标准(GBJ 107-87),达到C47混凝土强度等级.     

Immobilization of arsenic in soils by stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron, iron sulfide (FeS), and magnetite (Fe3O4) particles

Arsenic is a widespread contaminant in soils and groundwater. While various iron-based materials have been studied for immobilizing arsenic in contaminated soils, the feasibility of stabilized iron-based nanoparticles has not been reported. This study investigates the effectiveness of using three types of starch-stabilized iron-based nanoparticles, including zero-valent iron (ZVI), iron sulfide (FeS), and magnetite (Fe₃O₄), for immobilization of arsenic in two representative As-contaminated soils (an orchard soil and a fire range soil). To test the effect of the nanoparticles on the arsenic leachability, As-contaminated soils were amended with the nanoparticles at various Fe/As molar ratios (5:1–100:1) and contact time (3 and 7 d). After three days’ treatments of a field-contaminated sandy soil, the PBET-based bioaccessibility of As decreased from an initial (71.3±3.1)% (mean±SD) to (30.9±3.2)% with ZVI, (37.6±1.2)% with FeS, and (29.8± 3.1)% with Fe₃O₄ at an Fe/As molar ratio of 100:1. The TCLP-based leachability of arsenic in a spiked fire range soil decreased from an initial (0.51±0.11)% to (0.24±0.03)%, (0.27±0.04)% and (0.17±0.04)% by ZVI, FeS, and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, respectively. The Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles appeared to be more effective (5% or more) than other nanoparticles for immobilizing arsenic. When the two soils were compared, the treatment is more effective on the orchard soil that has a lower iron content and higher initial leachability than on the range soil that already has a high iron content. These results suggest that these innocuous iron-based nanoparticles may serve as effective media for immobilization of As in iron-deficient soils, sediments or solid wastes.     

One-step and high-density protein immobilization on epoxysilane-modified silica nanoparticles

Silica nanoparticles are most commonly modified with amino-silanes, followed by post-modification activation for protein immobilization. In this work, epoxy-functionalized silica nanoparticles were prepared by modification with glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane （GPTMS） for direct protein immobilization. Silica nanoparticles possessed an average size of 46 nm, but increased to 63 nm after GPTMS modification. Reaction time, reaction temperature and GPTMS content had no significant effect on par- ticle size. Zeta potential of SiO2 changed from -26mV to ＋38mV after modification. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy revealed alkyl C--H bending and stretching bands at 2944 cm-1, 1343 cm-1 and 1465 cm-1, respectively, for the modified nanoparticles. Fluorescein cadaverine was found to bind to GPTMS-modified SiO2, but not to bare SiO2, indicating the chemical reactivity of epoxy groups on the modified nanoparticle with amines. Finally, fluorescenUy labeled bovine serum albumin （BSA） was used as a model protein to investigate the capacity of epoxy-SiO2 nanoparticles for protein immobilization. The results showed that more proteins were immobilized on the particle with longer reaction time, higher NaCI concentration, lower pH, and less GPTMS content. More importantly, proteins bound to epoxy-SiO2 nanoparticle were highly stable. Under optimized reaction conditions, as much as 25 mg BSA/g nanoparticle was covalentiy attached to the nanoparticle. The epoxy silane modification of silica nanoparticles offers a reactive surface for one-step and high-density protein immobilization.     

壳聚糖固定化酶载体小球的研究及制备方法的改进

比较了不同粘均相对分子质量壳聚糖(50×104,100×104,200×104)的成球情况及壳聚糖相对分子质量对固定化酶活力、酶活性回收率的影响,确定了50×104的壳聚糖为最适固定化β-半乳糖苷酶载体.自设计方法制备了毫米级壳聚糖小球,较传统方法更加简单、快速.湿润壳聚糖小球直接干燥和采用体积分数为30%的甘油处理后干燥对比实验表明,后者能够保持小球湿态时的结构,既保证了酶的固定化效果,又有利于载体的工业储存.