育种目标性状间的同一关系分析方法研究

借助集对分析理论,提出了一种新的育种目标性状间的关系分析方法,阐明了其基本原理与分析步骤,并结合小麦育种实例,介绍了这种分析方法的具体应用。在此基础上,讨论了这种分析方法的优越性及尚待改进之处。表3,参9。     

Genetic and photoperiodic control of an avian reproductive cycle

European blackcaps,Sylvia atricapilla, with one breeding season per year, have a single-peaked annual testes cycle. However, African conspecifics from the Cape Verde Islands with two breeding seasons per annum demonstrate a two-peaked cycle. Both population-specific cycles reflect differences in the respective endogenous circannual rhythms. Experimental hybridization of birds of the two populations resulted in an intermediate pattern of testes cycle, thus demonstrating that there are genetic components for some temporal aspects in an avian reproductive cycle. Another characteristic of the African birds, their extremely rapid juvenile development and early sexual maturity (at an age of 5–6 months) proved largely to be a photoperiodic (short-day) effect in birds hatched in autumn. The same effect could also be induced in European conspecifics exposed to correspondingly short day-lengths.     

Using genetically-defined rodent strains for the identification of hippocampal traits relevant for two-way avoidance behavior: a non-invasive approach

Summary Genetically-defined rodent strains permit the identification of hippocampal traits which are of functional relevance for the performance of two-way avoidance behavior. This is exemplified here by analyzing the relationship between infrapyramidal mossy fibers (a tiny projection terminating upon the basal dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons) and two-way avoidance learning in about 800 animals. The necessary steps include 1) identification of structural traits sensitive to selective breeding for extremes in two-way avoidance, 2) testing the robustness of the associations found by studying individual and genetical correlations between hippocampal traits and behavior, 3) establishing causal relationships by Mendelian crossing of strains with extreme structural traits and studying the behavioral consequences of such structural randomization, 4) confirming causal relationships by manipulating the structural variable in inbred (isogenic) strains, thereby eliminating the possibility of genetic linkage, and 5) ruling out the possibility of spurious associations by studying the correlations between the hippocampal trait and other behaviors known to depend on hippocampal functioning.In comparison with the classical lesion approach for identifying relationships between brain and behavior, the present procedure appears to be superior in two aspects: it is non-invasive, and it focuses automatically on those brain traits which are used by natural selection to shape behaviorally-defined animal populations, i.e., it reveals the natural regulators of behavior.     

灰胸竹鸡人工繁殖的研究

１９９５年１０月至１９９７年１０月对野生灰胸竹鸡（Ｂａｍｂｕｓｉｃｏｌａｔｈｏｒａｃｉｃａ）进行了人工繁殖的研究,结果为：产卵期４月下旬至７月下旬;卵的平均质量在（１５±２）ｇ之间;最佳孵化温度、相对湿度：１～１４ｄ内,温度为３８℃,相对湿度６５％～７０％;１５～１８ｄ内,温度降到３７℃,相对湿度７５％;雏鸟的生长模型为：ｍ＝２６２／（１＋ｅ２．６１－０．０３７ｔ）．     

生物技术在玉米育种中的应用

介绍了在玉米育种上得到应用并取得可喜进展、简便实用的主要生物技术。阐述了这些生物技术的操作方法，以及它们的现状和存在问题。     

褐马鸡的养殖现状及其对策

褐马鸡是我国的特有珍稀鸟类.由于各种原因,在某些地区褐马鸡种群数量仍在减少.有关研究人员经过探索、研究,在自然繁殖的基础上,进行人工饲养、繁育,并取得了一定的经验.本文通过对其养殖现状的分析,提出了褐马鸡保护对策,旨在总结出经验和方法,为进一步加强保护工作及人工繁育提供科学依据.     

北红尾鸲的繁殖习性观察

2002～2004年，在蟒河自然保护区对北红尾鸲的繁殖习性进行了观察．结果表明。该鸟每年3月上旬迁入该区。10月下旬迁离．3月下旬营巢．4月中旬产卵，窝卵数3～6枚．孵化期12～13天。孵化率为90％．巢内育雏期12天．巢外育幼期约10天．在该区全年的种群密度为4．41只／km^2．     

黑枕黄鹂繁殖习性的研究

对黑枕黄鹂的分布和数量、迁徙及活动规律、繁殖习性作了全面系统的报道．黑枕黄鹂分布于海拔800m以下的低山阔叶林中，在海拔300m的次生阔叶林中种群数量较大，为典型的低山带鸟类．春季迁来时间一般在5月中旬，8月中下旬迁出．主要在阔叶林中的阔叶树上营巢．巢位选择过程中，巢址多在树冠下层的外侧，巢筑在离树干较远的侧枝水平枝权间．营巢期6～7d．窝卵数为3～5枚．雏鸟一般13．5d离巢．雏鸟生长方程为：W=59.1/1 e^-0.613(t-1.994).     

Reproductive Biology and Prospects for Conservation of Caldesia parnassifolia (Alismataceae)——A Threatened Monocot in China

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