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1.
生物扰动是影响沉积物-水微界面反应的重要因素,为了明确生物扰动作用对沉积物-水微界面氧化还原特征的影响机制,从环境微界面角度出发,以摇蚊幼虫为例,借助高分辨率的微电极系统解析沉积物-水微界面O_2、p H、氧化还原电位(Eh)的垂向分布特征。结果表明,摇蚊幼虫的生物扰动作用显著增加了沉积物-水微界面处的溶解氧浓度;降低了上覆水的p H值,提高了沉积物的p H值,且上覆水p H时空变化较大,沉积物p H值变化较小;廊道里O_2增加,使Eh值也相应地提高,而没有生物扰动到的地方Eh值偏低。摇蚊幼虫通过呼吸和摄食作用将富含氧气的上覆水引进廊道,充入的氧气改变了微界面的氧化还原条件。  相似文献   
2.
Determination of streambed hydraulic conductivity is of great importance in the analysis of stream-aquifer interactions and stream ecosystems.In this paper,in situ falling-head standpipe permeameter tests were conducted to determine streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv) of two connected layers of sediments at 60 test locations from eight sites in the Elkhorn River,Nebraska.Our results show that the Kv values for the upper layer of sediments are generally larger than those in their respective lower ...  相似文献   
3.
室内模拟研究颤蚓扰动对污染沉积物中镉形态分布的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过室内模拟颤蚓在镉污染湖泊沉积物中的生物扰动, 采用Tessier连续萃取法对生物扰动后不同深度沉积物中的镉进行形态分析. 通过研究颤蚓扰动对沉积物不同深度的氧化还原电位及上覆水pH值的影响, 进一步分析其对沉积物中镉形态分布的影响. 结果表明, 颤蚓扰动可以改变其活动区域内沉积物的微环境(如pH值、 氧化还原电位等), 进而对沉积物中镉的主要存在形态产生影响; 颤蚓扰动可提高镉从沉积物内部微孔向溶液中扩散的速率, 进而提高沉积物中镉的纵向迁移能力, 促进镉从铁锰氧化物结合态向可交换态的转移; 颤蚓扰动还能增加沉积物表层碳酸盐结合态及可交换态镉的质量比, 影响水/沉积物界面镉的交换; 有机/硫化物结合态及残渣态镉的质量比较低, 受颤蚓生物扰动影响不显著.  相似文献   
4.
采用改进的平面传感膜制备方法,建立应用于淡水/沉积物模拟体系的溶解氧(DO)二维分布监测系统.结果表明:采用物理包埋法将荧光指示剂三(4,7-联苯-1,10-邻菲啰啉)二氯化钌固定于乙基纤维素膜上,制备的DO平面传感膜荧光强度随DO质量浓度的增加而减小,符合荧光淬灭的Stern-Volmer方程,具有DO响应范围宽(0~20mg/L)、响应速度快(60s)、准确性高、可逆性和稳定性好等优点;在生物扰动存在下,沉积物DO变化较小,对上覆水DO影响较大,这是由于物理混合和氧化还原等多种机制综合作用所致,生物扰动将直接或间接影响这些作用.  相似文献   
5.
There are few in situ observations of deep-sea macrofauna, due to the remoteness of this ecosystem. Visual surveys conducted for marine management by MAREANO, (marine area database for Norwegian waters) and the petroleum industry (by SERPENTS, scientific and environmental remotely operated vehicle partnership using existing industrial technology) have provided unique material of visual information from large areas in the Norwegian Sea. The distribution, density and behaviour of the deep-sea amphipod Neohela monstrosa (Boeck, 1861) is described based on videos and samples from the Norwegian Sea. This amphipod is common on mud bottoms at 200–2181 m depth in the area. Dense communities were found in stands of the arctic sea pen Umbellula encrinus at more than 1000 m depth where temperatures were below 0° C. The mean density of N. monstrosa observed for larger areas was 4/100 m2 but densities of 15–36 individuals per m2 were found in local patches. It is domicolous which is characteristic of the superfamily Corophiida and digs burrows in soft muddy bottoms primarily by using large shovel-like gnathopods to scoop the sediment out. The amphipod was observed pushing and rolling sediment balls out of its burrow, which were probably held together with amphipod silk. It digs out an upper 3 to 4 cm wide burrow with a horizontal side burrow a couple of centimetres down. Neohela monstrosa appears to feeds on newly settled detritus that it collects from the surface sediment through the use of its long antennae while the burrow is mainly used for protection against predators such as demersal fish. Newly released juveniles are probably kept in the burrow for protection. Based on the local high density of N. monstrosa together with its habit of making long burrows, we suggest that there is significant bioturbation associated with the presence of N. monstrosa in deep sedimentary habitats of the Norwegian Sea, which likely provides an important ecosystem function.  相似文献   
6.
水丝蚓对水田沉积物颗粒垂直分布的生物扰动作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以化学性质稳定的玻璃珠作为示踪颗粒,研究水丝蚓扰动对水田沉积物颗粒垂直分布的影响,探讨底栖动物在水层-底栖界面耦合过程中的生物扰动作用。水丝蚓扰动10d后,沉积物表层示踪颗粒有31.6%向下迁移,最大迁移深度为6.3cm,垂直迁移率为1.048×10-3g-1.cm-2.d-1。6cm深处的示踪颗粒分别有32.0%和21.1%在扰动后向上和向下迁移,向上和向下最大迁移距离分别为4.1cm和3.4cm,垂直向上和向下迁移率分别为1.061×10-3g-1.cm-2.d-1和6.998×10-4g-1.cm-2.d-1。水丝蚓对水田沉积物颗粒的垂直分布具有重要影响。  相似文献   
7.
In order to evaluate bioturbation in sediments from the COMRA Polymetailic Nodule Area in the northeast tropical Pacific, excess ^210Pb profiles in sediments cores collected with multiple corers during R/V DAYANGYIHAO Environmental Program Cruise in 1998 were measured by direct gamma assay using Ortec HPGe GWL series well-type coaxial low background intrinsic germanium detectors. A steady-state diffusion model of excess ^210Pb profiles suggests that bioturbation mixing depths and biodiffusion coefficients are 16 cm and 2.75 cm2/a in East Zone, and 6 cm and 0.26cm^2/a in West Zone, respectively. Furthermore, the observations of macrofauna and measurements of total organic carbon (TOC) content in sediments suggest that bioturbation is directly controlled by species and abundance of benthic fauna, such as polychaete, and the bioturbation mixing depth and intensity are positively correlated with the organic matter content.  相似文献   
8.
用内层包埋、外层覆盖的方法制备一种基于TOA+PTS4-离子对的pCO2平面荧光传感膜,并将该传感膜制备的pCO2平面光极系统应用于生物扰动存在的水/沉积物体系,通过连续监测体系垂直剖面pCO2的分布及变化,可得水/沉积物体系中pCO2的原位二维时空分布图.结果表明:在生物扰动作用下,体系中底层上覆水pCO2的变化较大,先上升后逐渐稳定;沉积物表层的pCO2边界扩散层逐渐消失,中层沉积物中pCO2基本不变,深层沉积物中pCO2先增大后逐渐稳定.体系中pCO2的变化是一个复杂的多维变化,涉及CO2产生和消耗的动态过程,是物理混合、颤蚓生命活动及有机质矿化等多种机制综合作用的结果.  相似文献   
9.
以颤蚓为扰动生物, 通过室内模拟实验, 借助微电极研究颤蚓孔穴附近沉积物微环境pH和溶解氧(DO)的高分辨率分布及变化规律. 结果表明: 沉积物的pH值随扰动时间延长先升高后降低, 颤蚓扰动对pH值的降低有抑制作用; 当扰动时间相同时, 颤蚓使沉积物表面的pH值以颤蚓孔穴为中心出现下降(最多达0.3 pH单位), 该下降
作用可影响孔穴周围半径1 mm的范围; 无生物体系中的水 沉积物界面附近DO值随时间延长逐渐降低, 但颤蚓的扰动作用使孔穴附近沉积物表面的DO值在水平方向上升高(可升高9.2~17.0 μmol/L), 并增加DO的渗透深度, 使最大渗透深度从3 mm增加到5 mm. 因此, 沉积物中的颤蚓可通过改变沉积物微环境pH和DO的分布特征, 进而影响水 沉积物界面附近污染物的环境行为.  相似文献   
10.
制备了一种能够选择性识别Cd~(2+)的平面传感膜;该膜具有响应速度快(20 s)、准确性高及稳定性好等特点。利用该传感膜制备的Cd~(2+)平面光极系统,应用于生物扰动存在的水/沉积物体系中,根据体系垂直剖面Cd~(2+)的分布及迁移情况,研究颤蚓生物扰动对上覆水中Cd~(2+)向沉积物迁移的影响。研究发现:制备的Cd~(2+)平面光极系统可以反映出上覆水中Cd~(2+)向沉积物迁移的过程。无生物扰动时,沉积物仅表层及水/沉积物界面下2 cm深度范围内第1~3 d的Cd~(2+)浓度略有升高,随后趋于稳定;深度超过2 cm的沉积物Cd~(2+)浓度几乎不变(同背景浓度)。有生物扰动时,深度约5 cm范围内的沉积物中Cd~(2+)浓度显著增加,深度越浅的沉积物中的Cd~(2+)浓度增加越快,深度超过5 cm的沉积物中Cd~(2+)浓度基本不变。与无生物相比,颤蚓扰动可以显著促进Cd~(2+)由上覆水中向沉积物的迁移。  相似文献   
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