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1 Rise of studies on climate change's effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America's annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].  相似文献   
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ABSTRACT

This study is primarily directed to the most poorly known species of the genus Trichomycterus, comprising five nominal species (T. florensis, T. immaculatus, T. nigricans, T. paquequerensis and T. santaeritae) endemic to south-eastern Brazil. One of them, T. nigricans, is the type species of the genus, involved in taxonomic problems for over 150 years. A detailed historical review, accompanied by examination of type specimens and recent collections, revealed that the correct type locality of T. nigricans is in the vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, not Santa Catarina as commonly appears in the literature; specimens previously misidentified as T. nigricans from Santa Catarina belong to a possibly undescribed species of the genus Cambeva; T. paquequerensis is a synonym of T. immaculatus, and T. florensis is a synonym of T. santaeritae; and the hypothesis that T. santaeritae is closely related to the Amazon Sarcoglanidinae is refuted. The three valid species are redescribed. These species are members of a clade also including T. caipora that is highly supported by molecular data, diagnosed by a pronounced posterior maxillary process and caudal fin emarginate at least in larger specimens. A subclade comprising T. caipora, T. nigricans and T. santaeritae is diagnosed by a long maxilla and a bifid anterior extremity of hypobranchial 3.  相似文献   
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茶树为多年生植物,在长期的自然选择和进化过程中,已形成种群类型丰富且功能多样的内生微生物菌群.在茶树的不同生长阶段中,其内生菌的种群类型、数量、分布及生物学功能等均存在明显差异.内生菌在防治病害、促进生长、降解有机农药、促进风味形成,以及改善Al 3+毒耐受性等方面发挥了重要作用.  相似文献   
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2016年6月底~2019年7月中旬,对信江上游及其支流的鱼类资源进行了系统地调查。共采集到野生淡水鱼类66种,隶属于5目16科50属,其中以鲤形目鱼类种类最多,共计3科34属45种,占总采集种类数的68.2%;科级水平以鲤科占优势,共有39种,占总种类数的59.1%;鳅科和鲿科各5种,分别占7.6%;鮨科、塘鳢科、虾虎鱼科和太阳鱼科各两种,分别占3.0%;其他9科各1种,共占13.6%。鱼类生态类型以湖泊定居型鱼类、杂食性占优。这些鱼类隶属于五个区系复合体,以江河平原区系复合体和南方平原区系复合体为主,分别占种类数的40.9%和24.2%。在调查过程中采集到食蚊鱼、斑点叉尾鮰、太阳鱼及大口黑鲈等外来养殖品种,这些鱼多为凶猛肉食性鱼类,严重威胁土著鱼类的生存繁殖,需加强监管。  相似文献   
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湿地生物多样性对于维持湿地生态功能和生态系统稳定有重要作用,湿地生物多样性研究的深入开展,对生物多样性保护和生态恢复具有重要意义,也为制定可持续利用规划提供可靠依据.简要介绍铁岭莲花湖湿地的自然概况,从植物种类的多样性、动物种类的多样性、植物群落的多样性和生物多样性评价几个方面,对现有研究成果进行评述,并对铁岭莲花湖湿地生物多样性的下一步研究进行展望.  相似文献   
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钦州湾近岸海域水质污染状况评价   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
【目的】调查及评价钦州湾近岸海域水质污染程度。【方法】2010年3月(春季)及2010年9月(秋季)在钦州湾近岸海域布设9个站位进行水质、浮游植物及浮游动物调查。采用水质综合污染指数及生物多样性指数对调查结果进行评价。【结果】钦州湾近岸海域春季、秋季水质综合污染指数平均值分别为3.20、3.68;浮游植物多样性指数分别为3.37、3.35;浮游动物多样性指数分别为2.33、2.89。【结论】以水质综合污染指数评价,2010年钦州湾近岸海域污染等级为轻污染;以浮游植物多样性指数评价,污染等级为轻度污染至无污染;以浮游动物多样性指数进行评价,污染等级为轻中污染。相对于浮游动物多样性指数,浮游植物多样性指数能更灵敏地指示和评价海洋环境的污染形势,但其评价标准和方法有待更多的调查和研究来进行验证和修正。单一利用生物多样性指数进行海域污染评价,具有一定的局限性,但仍可在一定程度上反映出海洋环境的污染程度。  相似文献   
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生物多样性的形成与维持机制是生态学中最具挑战的核心问题之一.本文研究了大量冰期相关文献,发现冰期除周期性的气温变化之外,每个气温变化周期都经历了漫长的降温过程和相对快速的升温过程,由此提出了冰期"慢降—快升"非对称气温变化模式.在非对称气候变化模式下,地球上的生物地理分布随之发生"慢退—快进"的收缩和扩张,群落中的物种经历了长时间的隔离和相对快速的重组,呈现"聚少离多"的特征.同时,通过许多亲缘地理学的研究案例,发现物种的遗传变异多发生于缓慢降温阶段,在升温阶段时,这些已经存在的突变常沿不同路线扩张,并再次相遇,是遗传变异重组的过程.本文提出通过建立大尺度的天然群落格局平台,涵盖群落"慢退—快进"历史演变过程,结合亲缘地理学方法,从多尺度、多维度真实地还原群落形成和维持过程,预测气候变化和人类影响下生物群落的未来.  相似文献   
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The bat fauna of Albania, a country located in a Balkan glacial refugium and a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot, has remained poorly studied although as many as 21 species and representatives of three species complexes had been reported before 2003. It was expected that several new species would be added to the country’s list of fauna, not only due to their occurrence in adjacent regions but to the splitting of already known taxa into sibling species and the discovery of new, cryptic species. Altogether, we recorded 32 bat species in Albania, including all of those previously reported (21) and 11 new species for the country, as a result of field work conducted in 2003–2012. Here, we report on eight bat species including Rhinolophus mehelyi, Nyctalus lasiopterus, Plecotus kolombatovici, Barbastella barbastellus, Myotis brandtii that had not been reported previously in Albania while three species (Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Plecotus austriacus, Myotis mystacinus) had been reported before changes to their taxonomy and so could be treated only as representatives of a particular species complex (i.e. sensu lato). We greatly extended the known geographic ranges of five species in the south of Europe.  相似文献   
10.
Five taxa of talitrid amphipods were found in the archipelago of Bermuda, of which three were recorded there for the first time. Four of these are supralittoral wrack generalists: Platorchestia monodi BOLD:AAB3402, (a unique Molecular Operational Taxonomic Unit according to the Barcode Index Number system), a related species recognized by molecular methods, Platorchestia platensis BOLD:AAA2949, Mexorchestia carpenteri carpenteri BOLD:AAC1491 and Tethorchestia antillensis; and one a terrestrial leaf-litter generalist: Talitroides alluaudi. A key is provided to discriminate between the formally described talitrids of Bermuda. Dispersal mechanisms from the American continent to Bermuda were considered for all taxa based on species distributions along the North American Atlantic coast and also investigated by molecular methods, using genetic population differentiation and haplotype network analysis based on the barcode region of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. For P. monodi BOLD:AAB3402 the genetic results suggest that some dispersal events occurred before human colonization of Bermuda but are equivocal about the source population and therefore the direction of dispersal. Some very recent synanthropic dispersal is possible with this species. For the other two species studied genetically, P. platensis BOLD:AAA2949 and M. c. carpenteri BOLD:AAC1491, the small population samples analysed support dispersal to Bermuda from the American mainland, before human occupation of Bermuda, although the available sample size was limited for these species. The available limited direct, non-genetic evidence supports synanthropic transport for Talitroides alluaudi. Platorchestia monodi BOLD:AAB3402 is found in the same wrack habitat as P. platensis BOLD:AAA2949 on Bermuda, apparently without interbreeding. No evidence was found that driftwood specialist talitrids had become established in Bermuda.  相似文献   
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