Effects of metals and organic compounds on survival and bioaccumulation in two species of marine gammaridean amphipod,together with a summary of toxicological research on this group

The toxicity and bioaccumulation of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, zinc, DDT, PCB and the water-soluble fraction of diesel fuel to the gammaridean amphipods Corophium insidiosum and Elasmopus bampo were measured. At 96 h exposure C. insidiosum was more sensitive to arsenic, zinc, DDT, PCB and the water-soluble fraction of diesel fuel than E. bampo, whereas E. bampo was more sensitive to cadmium, chromium and copper than C. insidiosum. Over a 20-day period C. insidiosum accumulated greater amounts of chromium, copper, lead and zinc than E. bampo, whereas E. bampo accumulated more cadmium, DDT and PCB than C. insidiosum. The toxicity and bioaccumulation of toxicants to other species of marine gammaridean amphipods are tabulated.     

Enhancing Phosphorous Recovery in a Novel Biofilter System

Developing new techniques to remove and recover phosphorous simultaneously from wastewaters is very important for sustainable utilization of phosphorous resource and prevention of eutrophication. The feasibility of phosphorus bioaccumulation in a novel continuous alternating anaerobic /aerobic biofilter and benefits of such accumulation for its further recovery as magnesium ammonia phosphate （MAP） were studied. The system was operated for seven months and employed the atomic absorption spectrophotometer （AAS） method to analyze the distribution change of magnesium and calcium with phosphate in the biofilter during that period. The benefits of utilizing the biofilter system to accumulate phosphorous ＆ magnesium and suppress calcium simultaneously to phosphorous recovery as MAP were explained with the aid of chemical equilibrium models. The improved phosphorus recovery from 42% to 82% was approved in the recovery experiments and the recovery products mainly as MAP were evidenced and characterized with scanning electron microscopy （SEM） . The study provides references for designing and operating the novel alternating anaerobic /aerobic biofilter for phosphorus bioaccumulation and recovery.     

羊肚菌菌丝体对镉、铅及其复合污染的生长与富集响应

在平板培养条件下,研究了镉、铅及其复合污染对羊肚菌菌丝体生长的影响,并建立了羊肚菌菌丝体对生长基质中镉、铅生物富集的方法.Cd浓度为0-2mg/L范围内对羊肚菌菌丝体的生长具有刺激作用,Cd Pb浓度为2 80mg/L时气生菌丝很浓密,然后生长势减弱.Cd Pb浓度在8 320-32 1280mg/L范围内,Cd、Pb复合污染的协同作用导致菌丝体干重急剧降低.羊肚菌菌丝体对Cd、Pb均具有生物富集作用,并且随着重金属浓度的增大菌丝体中重金属含量逐渐增大,初步认为在Cd、Pb复合污染条件下,促进了羊肚菌菌丝体对Pb的吸收而抑制了对Cd的吸收.     

田头菇菌丝体对镉、铅及其复合胁迫的生长与富集响应

 在PDA平板培养条件下,研究了镉、铅及其复合污染对田头菇菌丝体生长的影响以及田头菇菌丝体对生长基质中镉、铅的生物富集作用。 结果表明,在试验设置质量浓度范围内,菌丝生长势、菌落直径和菌丝体干质量等均随着重金属质量浓度的增大而减弱(小)或降低。田头菇菌丝体对Cd、Pb均具有生物富集作用,并且随着重金属质量浓度的增大菌丝体中重金属质量分数逐渐增大,初步认为Cd、Pb复合污染促进了菌丝体对Pb的吸收而抑制了对Cd的吸收。     

闽江某河段河蚬组织中多环芳烃和有机氯农药的蓄积特征

用GC／MS和GC-μECD测定了闽江某河段河蚬体内多环芳烃（PAHs）和有机氯农药（OCPs）的含量，并分析了河蚬各器官组织中的蓄积特征．结果表明：河蚬体内鳃、肌肉以及内脏团中检测到的PAHs的总量分别为1322．03，397．24，951．04ng／g干重，河蚬易累积低分子量的PAHs，主要是3环PAHS，鳃、肌肉和内脏团中检测到的3环芳烃的比率分别为62．23％，47．04％和36．96％；河蚬对OCPs的蓄积种类主要是DDT类和HCH类农药，OCPs在河蚬鳃、肌肉以及内脏团中的总含量相差不大，分别为19．73，25．46，23．06ng／g干重，河蚬肌肉和内脏团中OCPs的含量与整体中OCPs的含量相关性较好（R^2=0．98和R^2=0．98），肌肉中含量与整体有机氯的含量相关系数为R^2=0．19．     

聚球藻对镍的富集作用及影响因素

研究了环境因素与自身因素对聚球藻富集镍的影响.聚球藻对镍的富集时间在80min可以达到平衡;镍藻质量比最优值为16%～18%,此时富集量达到最大值即饱和吸附范围;pH值是影响富集的一个重要因素,同样条件下随pH值的增加富集量会不断增加,但由于过高pH会导致氢氧化镍生成,因此最佳pH值在9～10;温度和光强是调节富集量的两个因素,温度在35℃、照度在30001x左右是最佳的富集条件;同样条件下,死藻比活藻的富集量略高.     

藻类富集微量元素的机理研究

较全面地探讨了藻类富集微量元素的特点及其机理,一定程度上提示了微量元素与藻类之间反应的实质,为其进一步的实际应用奠定了理论基础。     

Arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris Vittata L. and its arsenic accumulation

An arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. (Chinese brake) was first discovered in China by means of field survey and greenhouse cultivation. Field survey showed that Chinese brake had large accumulating capacity to arsenic; the orders of arsenic content in different parts of the fern were as follows: leaves>leafstalks>roots, which is totally different from that of ordinary plants; bioaccumulation coefficients of the above ground parts of the fern decreased as a power function of soil arsenic contents. In the control of pot trials with normal unpolluted soil containing 9 mg/kg of arsenic, the bioaccumulation coefficients of the above ground parts and rhizoids of Chinese brake were as high as 71 and 80 respectively. Greenhouse cultivation in the contaminated soil from mining areas has shown that more than 1 times greater arsenic can be accumulated in the leaves of the fern than that of field samples with the largest content of 5070 mg/kg As on a dry matter basis. During greenhouse cultivation, arsenic content in the leaves of the fern increased linearly with time prolonging. Not only has Chinese brake extraordinary tolerance and accumulation to arsenic, but it grew rapidly with great biomass, wide distribution and easy adaptation to different environmental conditions as well. Therefore, it has great potential in future remediation of arsenic contamination. It also demonstrates important value for studies of arsenic physiology and biochemistry such as arsenic absorption, translocation and detoxification mechanisms in plants.     

Bioaccumulation of heavy metal in wild growing mushrooms from Liangshan Yi nationality autonomous prefecture,China

The heavy metal bioaccumulation levels of 13 species of mushrooms were studied. 13 different species of wild mushrooms growing in China were analyzed for Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and As. Contents of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in mushroom and Cu, Zn in Soil were tested by atomic absorption spectrometer （AAS）, and As in samples by atomic fluorescent light （AFL）. Contents of Cd and Pb in soil were analyzed by graphite furnace AAS. The results showed that contents of Cu, Pb, Cd, and As in Termitomyces microcarpus were the highest in the tested mushroom samples, which were 135.00, 13.28, 65.30, and 1.60 mg·kg^-1 （dry biomass） respectively, and the corresponding bioconcentration factor （BCF） for Cu and Cd was 57 and 1 674 separately, which was the highest data in 13 mushroom species. The capability ofBoletus griseus for Cd accumulation was very strong with BCF of 300. when people consume the wild edible mushrooms, contents of Cd and Pb should be greatly considered.     

2-硝基-4''''-羟基二苯胺(HC Orange No.1)在鲫鱼体内富集行为研究

研究了鲫鱼暴露于0．9975mg／L2-硝基-4’-羟基二苯胺(HC OrangeNO．1)96h后在实验室鱼水系统中的归趋．用高效液相色谱分析了暴露鱼样和暴露水样在6h，12h，24h，36h，48h，60h，72h．96h的浓度．鱼样的回收率为84．4％～91．7％之间，相对标准偏差(RSD)为0．51％．HC Orange NO．1在水体中的浓度在24h内下降较快，之后维持稳定；鱼体中化合物的积累在36h达到最大，之后稍有下降．利用BCF的快速测定方法和传统方法算出的IgBCF分别为2．35和2．14。