以糖酒醋水混合液作为诱引剂所诱葬甲的形态特征及采集效果研究

作为土壤动物的葬甲科昆虫主要以腐败动物为食,因此,采集葬甲科昆虫的方法主要以腐败动物作诱饵谤捕,辅助以诱虫灯诱集及野外自由采集.笔者在近30年的土壤昆虫采集研究中发现,糖酒醋水混合液是对部分葬甲种类具有较好引诱作用的引诱剂,在辽宁以糖酒醋水混合液诱到的主要葬甲种类是11种,并对于所诱捕葬甲的形态特征作了描述.     

科云昆虫诱食剂与杀虫剂混用防治烟青虫增效作用评价

研究了茚虫威、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、甲氰菊酯三种农药和科云昆虫诱食剂混用后防治烟青虫增效效果，研究结果表明：混用后对防治烟田烟青虫有明显的增效作用，药后1、3、7d的防效比其单用提高4．55—9．09、6．84—10．13、6．24—8．68个百分点，且烟青虫死亡高峰期分别提前了4d、6d、4d。     

三种拟信息素对梨小食心虫及桃蛀螟成虫的田间引诱活性研究

为探索拟信息素在梨小食心虫及桃蛀螟两种蛀果害虫性诱剂防治中的应用,初步考察了E8-12:OH、E8-12:Ac及E8-12:Ald三种合成化合物对梨小食心虫和桃蛀螟成虫的田间引诱活性。结果表明,合成化合物单剂诱芯对两种目标成虫均无明显引诱活性,诱芯质量比为m(E8-12:OH)∶m(E8-12:Ac)=1∶4及m(E8-12:Ac)∶m(E8-12:Ald)=1∶1,且每诱芯混剂含量为0.5 mg的二元混剂诱芯对梨小食心虫有一定的引诱活性。     

甜菜碱和二甲亚砜对日本沼虾生长的影响

本文研究了在饵料中加入四个不同浓度的甜菜碱和二甲亚砜对日本沼虾生长的影响。结果表明，饵料中一定浓度的甜菜碱和二甲亚砜对日本沼虾有明显的生长促进作用，可显著提高体重和体长的增长率。增长率的变化与这两种诱食剂在饵料中的含量不呈线性关系。在实验采用的饵料基本成份和配比的基础上，甜菜碱在饵料中的适宜添加量为０．７５％。二甲亚砜在１０￣（－３）ｍｏｌ／１００ｇ时观察到最大生长量，但此浓度不一定是最适添加量。     

Sex pheromone of the pine sawflyDiprion pini (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae): Chemical identification,synthesis and biological activity

The main component of the sex pheromone secretion of femaleDiprion pini L. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) from insects collected both in Finland and in France has been identified as athreo-3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol (8 ng per female) stereoisomer by GC-MS and synthesis. The secretion also contains lower and higher homologues in small amounts (1–4% of the main component). Combined gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection showed activity in both natural and esterified extracts (acetates and propionates); the esters of the main component gave the largest responses. The acetates and propionates of the eight stereoisomers of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol were synthesized from enantiomerically highly enriched (>99% ee) building blocks. The stereochemistry of the main component was established to be (2S,3R,7R)-3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol by GC analysis of the natural material. It was purified by liquid chromatography prior to the GC analysis of both its pentafluorobenzoates and its isopropylcarbamates on a non-chiral polar column (ECD) and a chiral column (NPD), respectively. Field tests demonstrated that both the acetate and propionate of the main component (100 g of each applied on cotton roll dispensers) were active in attracting males, with or without the presence of several of the minor compounds. Experiments with smaller amounts of the acetate and the propionate (1 g in France and 50 g in Finland) demonstrated that the propionate was more active than the acetate, and that it also caught more males than a blend of the two compounds.     

Chemical attraction of the eastern yellowjacket,Vespula maculifrons (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Summary Workers and queens of the eastern yellowjacket,Vespula maculifrons, are attracted to the artificial long-range attractant pheromone of the predaceous pentatomid,Podisus maculiventris. A 11 mixture of linalool or -terpineol and (E)-2-hexenal is as attractive toV. maculifrons workers as the pheromone.We thank A.S. Menke of the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, for identifying the yellowjackets. Mention of a company name does not imply endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture.     

Identification of a new predaceous stink bug pheromone and its attractiveness to the eastern yellowjacket

Summary Males ofPodisus fretus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) release a long-range attractant pheromone containing linalool (49.0%), (E)-2-hexenal (34.5%), benzyl alcohol (12.0%), nerolidol (2.0%),-terpineol (1.1%), and traces of several other compounds. The eastern yellowjacket,Vespula maculifrons (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), is attracted to artificial pheromones forP. fretus and for the sympatric species,Podisus maculiventris.The authors thank Mr T.J. Henry of the USDA Systematic Entomology Laboratory and Dr J.E. McPherson, Southern Illinois University, for examining the pentatomid species and Dr A.S. Menke, USDA-SEL, for determining the yellowjacket species. We also thank S. Wilzer for technical assistance. Mention of a company name does not imply endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture.     

A potent attractant of zoospores ofAphanomyces cochlioides isolated from its host,Spinacia oleracea

A highly potent attractant of zoospores ofAphanomyces cochlioides, a causal fungus of the root rot disease of spinach (Spinacia oleracea), was isolated from spinach roots, and its structure was determined by spectroscopic evidence and chemical synthesis as cochliophilin A (5-hydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone,1). A chromosorb particle prepared by soaking in solution of1 showed a potent attracting activity toward the zoospores using concentrations of1 above 10^–9 or 10^–10 M.     

日本双棘长蠹成虫对8种植物挥发物的EAG和行为反应

为了寻找新型的防治日本双棘长蠹(Sinoxylon japonicum Lesne)的植物源引诱剂,分别测定了成虫对8种植物挥发物的EAG和行为反应.EAG测定结果表明:1.00 mol/L的愈创木酚和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯均能引起日本双棘长蠹较强的EAG反应(p≤0.05)."Y"型嗅觉仪测定结果表明:1.00 mol/L的愈创木酚对日本双棘长蠹成虫的引诱效果最好,选择率达到57%;1.00 mol/L的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯对日本双棘长蠹成虫具有较好的驱避作用.其他挥发物对日本双棘长蠹均无明显的定向作用.     

红缘天牛对不同诱剂的EAG与行为反应及野外诱集效果

采用目前广泛应用的植物挥发性物质和性息素配制成25种引诱剂，对红缘天牛进行了行为、电生理测定及野外诱集实验．结果显示：诱剂W的诱集效果最好，相对诱捕率达21．8％，EAG值为4．116，亦最高．其次为诱剂T，相对诱捕率为17．2％，EAG值为3．714．诱剂X和V的相对诱捕率也较高，分别为9．2％和8．0％．另外，以青霉素注射剂药瓶作为诱芯的载体、以植物挥发性物质和性信息素作为诱剂研制而成的诱芯，缓释作用很好，具有应用推广价值．