江西省稻米中总砷和无机砷含量的测定与分析

选取江西省10个县市的100份新收获稻米为实验材料,分别采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法,测定了稻米中的总砷和无机砷含量。测定结果表明,该方法线性方程和相关系数良好,稻米粉标准物质测定结果良好。100份稻米中的总砷含量变化为0.045~0.382mg/kg,均值为 0.170mg/kg;无机砷含量变化为0.000~0.180mg/kg,均值为 0.067mg/kg;单因素方差分析结果显示,江西省10个县市稻米中的总砷和无机砷含量之间均存在不同程度的差异性,其中无机砷含量的差异性最为显著。实验结果证实,稻米无机砷中三价As³⁺含量较高,约占无机砷含量的90%。美国环境保护署健康风险评估结果表明,江西省稻米中无机砷含量的暴露对人体健康没有风险。     

Alkaline pressure oxidative leaching of bismuth-rich and arsenic-rich lead anode slime

A new alkaline pressure oxidative leaching process(with NaNO3 as the oxidant and NaOH as the alkaline reagent)is proposed herein to remove arsenic,antimony,and lead from bismuth-rich and arsenic-rich lead anode slime for bismuth,gold,and silver enrichment.The effects of the temperature,liquid-to-solid ratio,leaching time,and reagent concentration on the leaching ratios of arsenic,antimony,and lead were investigated to identify the optimum leaching conditions.The experimental results under optimized conditions indicate that the average leaching ratios of arsenic,antimony and lead are 95.36%,79.98%,63.08%,respectively.X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the leaching residue is composed of Bi,Bi2O3,Pb2Sb2O7,and trace amounts of NaSb(OH)6.Arsenic,antimony,and lead are thus separated from lead anode slime as Na3AsO4·10H2O and Pb2Sb2O7.Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry imaging revealed that the samples undergo appreciable changes in their surface morphology during leaching and that the majority of arsenic,lead,and antimony is removed.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to demonstrate the variation in the valence states of the arsenic,lead,and antimony.The Pb(IV)and Sb(V)content was found to increase substantially with the addition of NaNO3.     

高砷烟尘酸性氧化浸出砷和锌的试验研究

采用酸性氧化浸出工艺对某冶炼厂高砷烟尘进行湿法浸出砷、锌的试验研究。通过单因素试验确定最佳浸出工艺条件。结果表明,采用pH值为2的稀硫酸溶液,在浸出温度80℃、浸出时间105min、液固体积质量比10∶1、H2O2添加量1.75mL/g(烟灰)、搅拌速度705r/min的条件下,砷、锌浸出率分别达到78.25%和85.42%。     

赤泥基陶粒的研制及含砷饮用水的处理应用

近年来，水体砷污染现象越来越严重，诱发了各类疾病，开发研制新型高效、低廉的除砷技术以解决水体砷污染问题尤为重要。本文以工业废料赤泥为主要原料，分别掺合给水厂污泥、污水厂污泥，研制了一种新型赤泥基陶粒，在陶粒不会造成二次污染的前提下，进行大量试验验证其除砷效果。结果表明：陶粒中赤泥比例为80%，污泥掺量为8%，烧结温度为1000℃时，所制得陶粒对砷离子的去除率可达到90%以上；掺合污水厂污泥的陶粒除砷效果更好；在100mL1mg/L的砷溶液中，陶粒投加量为0.6g时，除砷效果最佳；且经济性好。     

几种脱砷吸收剂的比较研究

利用模拟烟气,在自行设计的小型鼓泡反应器内,对几种脱砷吸收剂的性能进行了比较实验研究.结果表明:H_2O_2、NaClO、NaClO_2、Ca(ClO)_2以及复合吸收剂A(M/H2O_2)、F(N/NaClO_2)等脱砷剂脱砷效果明显.其中,复合吸收剂A、F脱除效率基本都能达到100%.复合吸收剂A成本较低,具有很好的工业应用前景.     

含砷铁精矿球团预氧化-弱还原焙烧过程中砷的挥发行为

在分析含砷矿物的理化性质和含砷铁精矿矿物学特征的基础上,研究含砷铁精矿球团中砷在预氧化-弱还原焙烧过程中的挥发行为。研究结果表明:内蒙古黄岗铁精矿伴生砷含量为0.344%,且主要以砷黄铁矿形式存在;在200～350℃的干燥阶段不存在砷的挥发;在预热温度为870℃,预热时间为6min,氧含量为6%的条件下,预氧化过程中砷挥发率可达到26.54%,预氧化球团中残余砷主要以砷酸盐形式存在;在无烟煤用量为20%,还原升温时间为60min,恒温焙烧时间为40min的条件下,成品球团矿中砷残留量为0.035%,挥发率达到88.54%;工业生产中应考虑在预氧化阶段和还原焙烧阶段设置砷的回收装置。     

Immobilization of arsenic in soils by stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron, iron sulfide (FeS), and magnetite (Fe3O4) particles

Arsenic is a widespread contaminant in soils and groundwater. While various iron-based materials have been studied for immobilizing arsenic in contaminated soils, the feasibility of stabilized iron-based nanoparticles has not been reported. This study investigates the effectiveness of using three types of starch-stabilized iron-based nanoparticles, including zero-valent iron (ZVI), iron sulfide (FeS), and magnetite (Fe₃O₄), for immobilization of arsenic in two representative As-contaminated soils (an orchard soil and a fire range soil). To test the effect of the nanoparticles on the arsenic leachability, As-contaminated soils were amended with the nanoparticles at various Fe/As molar ratios (5:1–100:1) and contact time (3 and 7 d). After three days’ treatments of a field-contaminated sandy soil, the PBET-based bioaccessibility of As decreased from an initial (71.3±3.1)% (mean±SD) to (30.9±3.2)% with ZVI, (37.6±1.2)% with FeS, and (29.8± 3.1)% with Fe₃O₄ at an Fe/As molar ratio of 100:1. The TCLP-based leachability of arsenic in a spiked fire range soil decreased from an initial (0.51±0.11)% to (0.24±0.03)%, (0.27±0.04)% and (0.17±0.04)% by ZVI, FeS, and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, respectively. The Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles appeared to be more effective (5% or more) than other nanoparticles for immobilizing arsenic. When the two soils were compared, the treatment is more effective on the orchard soil that has a lower iron content and higher initial leachability than on the range soil that already has a high iron content. These results suggest that these innocuous iron-based nanoparticles may serve as effective media for immobilization of As in iron-deficient soils, sediments or solid wastes.     

Evidence of vacuolar compartmentalization of arsenic in the hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata

Pteris vittata can hyperaccumulate arsenic （As） to 〉1% of its dry weight without showing any signs of toxicity, indicating the existence of effective plant-internal detoxificaUon mechanisms. Although vacuolar compartmentalization is known to play an important role in heavy metal detoxification and tolerance, direct evidence of arsenic compartmentalization in this hyperaccumulator was lacking. Here we report the subcellular localization of As in the callus of P. vittata. The callus induced from gametophytes of P. vittata exposed to 0.2 mmol/L arsenate for 20 days were examined by directly isolating cell walls, protoplasts and vacuoles, and determining arsenic concentrations. Of the total As in the callus, about 94% was in the protoplast, and of that, 91% was present in the vacuoles, indicating that vacuoles are a major storage site for As in P. vittata. In addition, the changes in the chemical components of vacuoles were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）.     

亚砷酸制剂研究进展

针对近年来世界上许多国家或地区相继报道长期暴露于含砷饮用水中的个体出现不同程度的砷中毒症状,或因砷而引起的多种疾病等状况;而我国中医却应用砷剂治疗多种血液肿瘤和实体瘤,特别是治疗急性早幼粒白血病(APL)已取得了较好疗效.从治病性和致病性两个角度分别讨论了主要包括亚砷酸在内的多种含砷化物的生物学毒性,对人体各系统的损害和抗肿瘤作用,为临床应用含砷制剂治疗癌症提供借鉴,同时展望了砷制剂的临床应用前景.     

含砷废水治理方法的研究进展

分别从化学、物理、生物技术和人工湿地4个方面介绍含砷废水治理方法的工作原理、优缺点及其研究进展.各种含砷废水治理方法都有自身的优缺点,应该针对不同性质的含砷废水研发各种除砷技术的联合技术,提高除砷效率,降低除砷成本.