锂吸附剂失活机理及再生工艺研究

对工业装置中的吸附剂中毒机理进行了分析，并对中毒后吸附性能的再生开展了研究。通过X射线能谱（EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等表征手段分析了吸附剂中毒机理，发现传质孔道被含镁沉积物堵塞是吸附剂中毒的主要原因，导致传质面积降低，进而影响吸附容量。在此基础上，研究了多种吸附剂的再生工艺，并对铵盐再生工艺进行了优化。结果表明：当铵盐处理液质量浓度为0.6 g·L^-1、恢复时间为97.6 h时，能满足工业生产的处理要求。     

石墨烯吸附材料的制备与应用研究进展

石墨烯具有独特的结构、优异的性能,在诸多领域有广泛的应用.石墨烯层的原子均为表面原子,其表面积非常大,是天然的吸附材料.其易于制备、成本低廉等优势使得石墨烯吸附材料成为水处理研究中的热点.石墨烯及其复合材料已经在重金属、染料、杀虫剂、抗生素、石油等污染物的治理方面得到应用.综述了石墨烯吸附材料的制备方法以及其在污水处理方面的应用.分析了污染物在石墨烯吸附材料上的吸附行为,并讨论了石墨烯与污染物的相互作用.着重关注官能团对石墨烯吸附材料性能的影响,从化学视角提出了设计高效石墨烯吸附剂的思路.     

茶籽油吸附脱色工艺研究

对茶籽油的脱色过程中,吸附剂、吸附剂用量、脱色温度、脱色时间和搅拌速度等因素影响茶籽油脱色效果的问题进行了研究,从中得出了茶籽油脱色的较佳条件．即：活性白土用量为2．5％～3．O％,脱色温度为110℃,脱色时间为25min．     

铜改性的HY分子筛吸附二苯并噻吩的动态性能

采用等体积浸渍法制备具有不同Cu担载量的CuHY分子筛。用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积(BET)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术对吸附剂进行表征。在改进的固定床动态吸附脱硫装置上测定了CuHY吸附剂吸附模拟柴油中二苯并噻吩(DBT)的穿透曲线,并考察了外部因素对吸附剂脱硫性能的影响。采用350℃氮气吹扫的方法对吸附剂进行再生,并比较吸附剂再生前后的吸附性能。结果表明,Cu13HY吸附剂吸附性能优于其他吸附剂,其对DBT的饱和硫容为0.203 5 mmol/g。再生后的Cu13HY对DBT仍具有很好的吸附能力,其饱和硫容与新鲜吸附剂相比仅降低了3%。在改进的实验装置上能测得更为规则的脱硫穿透曲线。动态吸附脱硫的最佳操作条件为常温、常压、液体流速1.0 mL/min。     

粉煤灰/水合氧化铁复合吸附剂去除水中磷(V)

以粉煤灰和硝酸铁为原料制备了粉煤灰/水合氧化铁复合吸附剂。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对吸附剂进行微观形貌观察,采用静态吸附实验方法,分别用碱处理过的粉煤灰和粉煤灰/水合氧化铁复合吸附剂处理含磷酸氢根废水,得到了吸附等温平衡数据。用Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型进行回归分析。结果表明,未负载粉煤灰对磷酸氢根的吸附比较符合Langmuir模型,而粉煤灰/水合氧化铁复合吸附剂更符合Freundlich吸附模型。     

Qualitative and quantitative relationships between affinity constants from model study and real adsorption data

Linear polymers bearing the same functional groups as their corresponding adsorbents could be used as models to study the ad-sorption behaviors. However, the relationships between the data from model study and real adsorption have not been fully interpreted. In this work, three adsorbent (CP1-Zn²⁺, CP2-Zn²⁺ and CP3-Zn²⁺) and their corresponding linear models (P1-Zn²⁺, P2-Zn²⁺ and P3-Zn²⁺) were synthesized. The affinity constants (Ka) between these models and target peptide DFLAE (DE5) were obtained by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Adsorption capacities and adsorption affinities were carried out by static adsorption and adsorption isotherm. The qualitative and quantitative relationships between affinity constants from model study and the real ad-sorption data were explored. This study was significant to bridge the model study with the real adsorption.     

磁性琼酯糖亲和吸附剂的合成与应用

采用反相悬浮包埋技术合成了粒径在43-295μm之间的磁性琼脂糖微球。磁性琼脂糖微球经环氧氯丙烷活化后，分别键合6-氨基已酸、氨基乙酸和乙二胺为间隔臂，用水溶性碳二亚胺为缩合剂，分别偶联对氨基苯甲脒、l-精氨酸甲酯和胍基已酸，制备了3种磁性亲和吸附剂，并用于尿激酶粗品的分离纯化。测定了活性回收率和比活提高倍数，并与以磁性葡聚糖为基质的磁性亲和吸附剂对尿激酶的纯化效果进行了对比。     

Application of surface plasmon resonance in screening adsorbents and explaining adsorption phenomena using model polymers

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique was developed as an online screening method to identify effective adsorbents for the peptide NH₂-Cys-Thr-Trp-Trp-COOH (CW-4). To validate the SPR technique, several linear polymers containing amino acid residues were synthesized as models of their corresponding adsorbents. SPR screening of all the linear polymers demonstrated that the linear polymer containing phenylalanine residues (PPhe) exhibited the highest affinity for CW-4 among the polymers tested. In accordance with the screening results from SPR, the adsorbent containing phenylalanine (APhe) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for CW-4. An interesting observation was that the amounts of CW-4 adsorbed on 3 adsorbents were quite small, even though both SPR and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments indicated the presence of interactions between CW-4 and the three polymers. A kinetic analysis performed using SPR technology suggested such a phenomenon was ascribed to the poor stability of the CW-4/polymer complexes; that is, CW-4 associates with the polymers quickly, but it also dissociated quickly. The combined results suggested that SPR was a promising tool to identify the optimal adsorbent for peptides, analyze the interactions contributing to adsorption and explain adsorption phenomena using polymer models.     

Fe3O4/聚(丙烯酸甲酯-二乙烯苯)微球对金属离子的吸附

通过悬浮聚合制备Fe3O4/聚(丙烯酸甲酯-二乙烯苯)磁性微球,考察了微球对金属离子的吸附性能。结果表明,磁性吸附剂粒径35～55μm,Fe3O4质量分数18%,能有效吸附金属离子。由Langmuir模型得到的饱和吸附容量为别为:Hg2 2.3mmol/g,Cu2 2.2mmol/g,Ni2 1.1mmol/g。由Lagergrent方程计算的吸附速率常数分别为:Hg2 0.023min-1,Cu2 0.034min-1,Ni2 0.036min-1。吸附剂可用1mol/LH2SO4再生。     

新型硅质吸附剂的合成及对黄酮的选择分离

利用分子印迹技术，以水溶性黄酮芦丁为模板剂与具有专一识别官能团的氯丙基三乙氧基硅烷反应制备出前驱物，然后将前驱物与正硅酸乙酯进行协同水解、凝胶老化和模板剂的洗脱，从而制备出对芦丁具有高效选择性的内置型硅质吸附剂．实验结果表明：该吸附剂具有较高的吸附容量，即使在有与芦丁结构相似的黄酮存在下，对芦丁依然有较高的选择性吸附能力；TEM照片表明该吸附剂具有与印迹分子相匹配的纳米孔洞，而对FTIR光谱分析表明该吸附剂在印迹识别过程有新的化学键生成．