弹簧压并状态下悬架减振器绕流涡旋特性分析

为研究汽车行驶过程中减振器弹簧压并状态下翼子板内流场特性的变化,将该状态下的减振器简化为三维变截面圆柱模型,并建立变截面圆柱绕流三维流场模型,利用Transition SST四方程转捩模型模拟低、中、高3种车速对大、小圆柱绕流涡旋特性的影响.结果表明:绕流后尾涡的大小、形态、上升角均受圆柱直径、雷诺数及边界条件的影响,在变截面处验证“下洗”运动对N区边缘涡生长的直接作用及对L区涡旋分布的干扰作用;3种流速下适合绕流涡旋振动压电能量回收的最优夹角分别为±10°,±15°,±20°;在有界的高雷诺数流场下对变截面圆柱绕流涡旋重新分区,发现新的涡旋连接方式.     

轴向磁场作用下平均Taylor涡对湍流脉动的影响

采用基于高精度电流守恒格式的直接数值模拟方法，对轴向磁场作用下导电流体的湍流Taylor-Couette流动进行计算.在等电势边界条件的同心圆筒中，磁场与感生电流引起的反向周向速度分布、以及其对平均流动的影响被揭示出来.采用两种不同的湍流流场平均方法，将湍流中的全部脉动划分为平均流动(Taylor涡)的贡献和湍流的贡献.通过计算不同磁场强度下的湍动能的分布，对比分析轴向磁场对平均Taylor涡流和湍流两种贡献方式的影响.     

湍流场中涡线单元的结构分析

与描述湍流速度场的流线管单元[Wang L. On properties of fluid turbulence along streamlines. J Fluid Mech,2010, 648:183–203]的思想类似,为了描述湍流涡矢量场的结构,我们提出了一种新的结构分析方法,即涡线单元,可以用单元尺度和极值点涡量差值来表征.涡线单元与常用的涡管结构的不同可以概括为:涡线单元结构可以定量描述,并且是全空间填充的.在理论上这两个条件是保证我们可以将涡线单元的结构分析与全流场统计规律联系起来的必要前提,帮助理解和重构湍流涡量场.根据直接数值模拟数据,我们研究了涡线单元的统计与结构特性,包括尺度与手性等.根据涡线单元结构可以定量表征精细的条件统计,例如发现涡相关的动力学参数(例如拟涡能耗散率和涡拉伸率)强烈依赖于基于涡线单元结构的条件统计.这样一种结构分析方法为深入研究湍流场提供了新的手段.     

Effect of Al on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg–1Mn alloy sheet

The effect of Al addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot extruded Mg–1 Mn alloy sheet was investigated. The results revealed that the dynamic recrystallization was promoted by increasing Al content. The ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy increased with the increase of Al content. The Mg–9 Al–1 Mn alloy exhibited the highest strength, with tensile strength of 308 MPa, 307 MPa, 319 MPa, yield strength of 199 MPa, 207 MPa, 220 MPa and the elongation of 20.9%, 20.1%, 19.2% in 0°, 45°, 90°, respectively.The high strength was mainly attributed to the formation of fine dynamically recrystallized grains and large amounts of the second phase. The strengthening mechanism of the alloys was explained.     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and wear resistance of an Al–Mg–Si alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing

Microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance in an ultrafine-grained Al–Mg–Si alloy fabricated utilizing a combination of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and dynamic aging were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the grain size of the ECAP alloy was significantly refined, i.e., to ~239 nm after three ECAP passes. Meanwhile, the yield and tensile strength of the ECAPed material reached 340 MPa and 445 MPa, respectively, while maintaining a significant uniform elongation of 14%. Wear resistance results demonstrated that the wear rate, wear depth and width of the ECAPed material decreased in comparison with the solution-treated (SST) and peak-aged (T6) conditions under a load range of 5–25 N. The adhesive wear that occurs in the undeformed specimens at 10 N does not appear in the ECAPed specimen at the same load, indicating that the ECAPed specimen delay the appearance of more serious wear mechanisms under certain loads. The cooperative interaction of high density nano-scale β" precipitates and dislocations resulted in a combination of super-high strength and good work hardening ability which suppressed the extension of cracks between the friction layer and the plastic deformation zone. As a consequence, the combination of ECAP and dynamic aging brings a significant improvement for antifriction performance of the 6061 aluminum alloy.     

非电行业烟气氮氧化物催化净化

氮氧化物(NO_x )严重威胁人体健康和生态环境。随着火电行业烟气NO_x 初步实现超低排放，非电行业烟气NO_x 排放控制成为重中之重。NH₃ 选择性催化还原NO_x 是最有效的NO_x 控制技术。非电行业烟气含有SO₂ 、碱性物质以及重金属等杂质，易导致催化剂中毒失活。针对NO_x 净化催化剂低温活性不足、SO₂ 中毒、碱金属中毒以及复合中毒等关键难题，文章综述了各类低温抗中毒NOx 净化催化剂的研究进展，总结了提高催化剂的低温活性、抗SO₂ 中毒、抗碱金属中毒以及抗复合中毒的策略。文章为开发低温抗中毒NOx 净化催化剂提供了研究思路，为推进NO_x 净化催化剂在非电行业烟气NOx 净化中的实际应用提供理论指导。     

核电站凝汽器用钛焊管蒸汽腐蚀疲劳性能研究

测定了国产和进口核电站凝汽器用钛焊管在室温大气和人工海水100 ℃水蒸汽介质中的疲劳性能，同时采用扫描电子显微镜对疲劳断口进行了观察，探讨了钛焊管的蒸汽腐蚀疲劳机理。研究结果表明：国产钛焊管与进口钛焊管的疲劳寿命较为接近，水蒸汽氛围大幅度降低了钛焊管的疲劳寿命；疲劳试样的裂纹均萌生于钛焊管焊缝区域的外表面，多为多源萌生，裂纹扩展均以条纹机理为主；断口处有少量二次裂纹，未发现沿晶断裂及周期解理断裂特征，静断区断口形貌为韧窝；从蒸汽腐蚀疲劳试样中，未能观察到明显的腐蚀产物；钛焊管的蒸汽疲劳腐蚀是交变应力和电化学腐蚀交互作用的结果。     

Ti-1300钛合金挤压管材组织性能研究

通过室温拉伸测试和显微组织观察，研究了挤压温度和热处理工艺对Ti-1300钛合金挤压管材显微组织和力学性能的影响，讨论了热加工工艺、显微组织和力学性能之间的关系。结果表明：Ti-1300钛合金在两相区挤压后的横向组织均匀细小，纵向组织沿挤压加工流线破碎均匀；其拉伸强度高达1 445 MPa。管材在相变点以上的高温固溶组织主要由等轴β相晶粒组成，具有较好的塑性。合金两相区挤压后具有较好的强度和塑性的匹配，两相区挤压的塑性明显优于β单相区挤压，尤其面缩。试样经过固溶时效处理后显微组织明显细化，强度大幅度提高，可达1 300 MPa以上。     

You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth,Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)

Crotalaria plants and Utetheisa ornatrix are closely linked to each other: the larvae destroy the seeds, while the moth depends on hostplants for alkaloids. To better understand the ongoing co-evolution, the present study examines how native hostplants compare to exotic ones. Leaf-feeding on Crotalaria pumila, C. rotundifolia, and C. incana, native to the moth’s range, led to faster larval development than on the exotic C. lanceolata, C. spectabilis, and C. pallida. Seed-feeding on all species of Crotalaria led to accelerated larval development and a resultant larger adult moth, and correlates with a higher nitrogen content in the plant tissues. These results add a novel dimension to the previous studies of reproductive biology of this model organism. In controlled settings, mature larvae showed preference for leaves of C. spectabilis over those of other species, perhaps due to the higher alkaloid content. Differences in morphology and phenology of Crotalaria determine the ecology of U. ornatrix populations in Florida. The introduction of novel hostplants, on which U. ornatrix can have a significant negative effect and which are of concern to humans as invasive toxic weeds, has greatly expanded the niche occupied by this moth. Possible co-evolution of Utetheisa sensu lato and plant defences in the genus Crotalaria is discussed.     

水稻小穗柄韧皮部发育的超微结构研究

水稻小穗柄中央维管束后生韧皮部筛管分子和伴胞的发育都经历了一个基本相同的过程,首先是细胞液泡化程度增加;然后细胞核内染色质发生凝集并边缘化;液泡膜破裂,各种细胞器解体;细胞核形成凋亡小体并最终解体.两者超微结构的变化表现出了细胞程序性死亡的特征,液泡的解体在这个过程中具有重要作用.筛管分子的退化要早于伴胞,一般在开花前1周细胞核解体;而伴胞的退化则在开花后1周细胞核内的染色质才开始凝集,这种差异可能与这2种细胞的功能有关.