Quantum decoherence and the approach to equilibrium (II)

In a previous paper [Hemmo, M & Shenker, O (2003). Quantum decoherence and the approach to equilibrium I. Philosophy of Science, 70, 330–358] we discussed a recent proposal by Albert [(2000). Time and chance. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Chapter 7] to recover thermodynamics on a purely dynamical basis, using the quantum theory of the collapse of the quantum state of [Ghirardi, G, Rimini, A and Weber, T., (1986). Unified dynamics for microscopic and macroscopic systems. Physical Review, D 34, 470–479]. We proposed an alternative way to explain thermodynamics within no collapse interpretations of quantum mechanics. In this paper some difficulties faced by both approaches are discussed and solved: the spin echo experiments, and the problem of extremely light gases. In these contexts, we point out several ways in which the above quantum mechanical approaches as well as some other classical approaches to the foundations of statistical mechanics may be distinguished experimentally.     

改进QDPSO算法在BP网络训练中的应用

QDPSO（Quantum Delta-Potential-Well-based Particle Swarm Optimization）算法是基于量子空间的粒子群算法，对QDPSO算法进行了改进，结合Iris分类问题，应用到BP网络的权值优化中，并和基于标准PSO算法的方法进行了比较。实验结果表明：该算法性能优于所比较的两种算法，并且具有良好的收敛性和稳定性。     

原子结构中的物理理论

本文较系统地介绍了有关原子结构方面的一些基础理论,由定性到定量,并应用量子力学知识描绘了原子结构状态。     

利用量子么正变换引起拓扑项的可移性求微扰项对Berry相因子的贡献

利用量子么正变换引起拓扑项的可移性，求出了一维无限深运动边界方势阱在压缩变换中出现的微扰项在一级近似下对Ｂｅｒｒｙ相因子的贡献。     

Why the Afshar experiment does not refute complementarity

A modified version of Young's experiment by Shahriar Afshar demonstrates that, prior to what appears to be a “which-way” measurement, an interference pattern exists. Afshar has claimed that this result constitutes a violation of the Principle of Complementarity. This paper discusses the implications of this experiment and considers how Cramer's Transactional Interpretation easily accommodates the result. It is also shown that the Afshar experiment is analogous in key respects to a spin one-half particle prepared as “spin up along x”, subjected to a nondestructive confirmation of that preparation, and post-selected in a specific state of spin along z. The terminology “which-way” or “which-slit” is critiqued; it is argued that this usage by both Afshar and his critics is misleading and has contributed to confusion surrounding the interpretation of the experiment. Nevertheless, it is concluded that Bohr would have had no more problem accounting for the Afshar result than he would in accounting for the aforementioned pre- and post-selection spin experiment, in which the particle's preparation state is confirmed by a nondestructive measurement prior to post-selection. In addition, some new inferences about the interpretation of delayed choice experiments are drawn from the analysis.     

钠光谱分析中运算方法的改进

本文对近代物理实验项目《钠原子光谱的拍摄与分析》的传统教学内容提出了改进,并将微机引入了实验教学。     

量子阱中束缚光学极化子

采用线性组合算符及幺正变换方法研究了量子阱中强、弱耦合束缚光学极化子的性质．导出了量子阱中束缚光学极化子的基态能量与库仑束缚势、电子-LO声子的耦合强度和阱宽的变化关系．通过数值计算结果表明：基态能量因电子-LO声子的耦合强度和库仑束缚势的不同而不同，它随电子-LO声子的耦合强度和库仑束缚势的增大而增大，当电子-LO声子的耦合强度和库仑束缚势取某一定值时随阱宽的增大而增大．     

GaN/AlxGa1-xN量子点中的激子态

在有效质量近似框架内,运用变分方法,考虑内建电场效应和量子点的三维约束效应,研究了含类氢杂质的G aN/A lxG a1-xN量子点中的激子态.结果表明:量子点中心的类氢杂质使激子的基态能降低,结合能升高,Q D系统的稳定性增强,光跃迁能减小;杂质位于量子点上界面时,激子的基态能最小,结合能最大,系统最稳定;随着杂质从量子点的上界面沿着z轴移至下界面,激子基态能和光跃迁能增大,结合能减小.     

Rashba效应影响下InAs/GaAs自组织量子点中极化子性质

考虑Rashab自旋-轨道相互作用对半导体量子点中极化子基态能量的影响．采用LLP中耦合的方法处理了电子-声子相互作用．结果表明由于Rashba效应的影响使得极化子的基态能量分列为上下两支而且Rashba自旋-轨道相互作用能与总的基态能及其它能量成分间的比例关系，随电子波矢K变化非常显著．Rashba自旋-轨道相互用作使得量子点中极化子基态能量在无任何外磁场的情况下发生分裂，所以完全不同于强磁场影响下的简单Zeeman效应，然而，自旋-轨道相互作用引起的分裂有时掺杂着Zeeman分裂。因此它引起的分裂属于复杂分裂．声子对总能量的贡献为负，由于声子的存在极化子争裂能较裸电子更为稳定．     

量子点中的磁极化子:压缩态变分法

采用基于逐次正则变换的变分方法研究了利用单模压缩态变换处理双线性项的情况下抛物量子点中磁极化子的基态能量．讨论了在弱耦合情况下，受限长度，回旋频率，电子一声子耦合常数与基态能量的依赖关系．