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1.
青藏公路穿越720余公里的多年冻土分布区,发育着基本稳定、准稳定、不稳定和极不稳定四种类型的多年冻土。自1985年,伴随着青藏公路黑色沥青路面铺设的全面完成,由于多年冻土退化导致的冻土路基病害一直困扰着青藏公路的正常使用,不同地段历经了3到5次不等的整治工程。各种模拟结果及预测显示,未来50年青藏高原年平均气温可能上升2.2~2.6℃,青藏高原的多年冻土将进一步退化。稳定性路段将大幅度减少,而不稳定路段将显著增加,将为青藏公路的正常营运带来新的冻害问题。笔者基于过去几十年来的研究成果,在考虑未来多年冻土退化的背景下,针对不同路段提出了初步的路基处理措施,为相关部门在进行青藏公路的冻害治理方面提供参考。  相似文献   
2.
Using 1961—1995 monthly atmospheric apparent heat source/sink <Q1> over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) and reanalysis data of NCEP/NCAR, and 1961—1994 monthly SST of UK/GISST2, the statistical study is undertaken on the QXP heat source/sink in relation to both atmospheric circulation in Asia and El Niño/La Niña events. It is discovered that there exists noticeable interaction in a quasi-4-year period among the <Q1> of the QXP, low-level meridional winds east of the QXP, low-level zonal winds in the equatorial Pacific, SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific, and the circulation at mid and high latitudes north of the QXP. They have difference in phase. The cold source intensity of the QXP in winter favours a low-level meridional wind anomaly to prevail in the mainland of China and its coast east of the QXP and to last until the subsequent autumn. The wind anomaly can induce a low-level zonal wind anomaly of the tropic Pacific that finally affects an El Niño/La Niña event in the autumn and subsequent winter. The event in autumn/winter has effect on the deep trough position and cold air track of East Asia in next winter that influences the intensity of the QXP winter cold source.  相似文献   
3.
在青藏高原东缘明显的分布着三个构造带,即:a.高原本体东缘的弧形构造带,由褶曲、断裂组成,弧顶均向南或南东突出,其排列多受高原边缘的限制;b.高原外前方的挤压隆起带,系由高原向东推挤产生的前方挤压隆起;c.推覆构造带,由高原向东超前蠕流部分叠覆于隆起带上形成。以上三个构造带又被两条南东向走滑断层切割成三段,使各段从北向南递次向东错移。造成这一构造格局的原因系由西藏地区受印度板块强烈挤压缩短时,物质发生大量向东蠕变流动引起的。  相似文献   
4.
加热率对比及大气加热性质的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
首先对比分析了气候平均的ERA与NCEP再分析的全球加热率资料,以及两套资料在青藏高原地区的差异。发现在全球范围内,主要差异在于ERA的总加热率比NCEP的总加热率普遍要大,NCEP资料优于ERA资料。再利用NCEP资料分析高原的加热性质及加热的季节变化规律,发现对于青藏高原主体(80-100°E、27.5-37.5°N)而言,平均的辐射冷却全年少变;高原在夏季表现为强大的热源主要由潜热加热引起,感热加热次之,冬季的冷源则以辐射冷却为主,过渡季节的急剧变化主要因感热的变化引起。  相似文献   
5.
利用ERBE—S4和ISCCP—C2月平均资料着重分析了青藏高原这一特殊气候区域地气系统云辐射强迫的气候学特征。分析结果表明:冬、夏季云对地气系统辐射强迫的场分布形势有明显的差异。对于地气系统长波辐射,冬季高原主体为云强迫高值区,夏季云强迫空间变化平缓,高原主体平均云的温室效应春季最大,秋季最小,云使地气系统射出长波辐射年平均减少45.6W/m2;对于地气系统长波辐射,冬季高原地区为云强迫相对高值区,夏季云强迫为西部小,东部大,高原主体平均云的反射率效应春季最大,冬季最小,云使地气系统短波吸收辐射年平均减少49.7W/m2;高原地区冬季云的温室效应大于云的反射率效应,云对地气系统起着辐射增温的作用,春、夏、秋三季的情况则与之相反,云对地气系统有辐射冷却的作用。就全年情况而言,云的辐射冷却作用占优势,年平均净辐射云强迫值-4.1W/m2。  相似文献   
6.
7.
《科学通报(英文版)》1999,44(20):1851-1851
Guliya ice core records, high lake-level records in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and at its north side as well as vegetation succession records indicated that during the period of 30-40 kaBP, namely the later age of the megainterstadial of last glacial period, or the marine oxygen isotope stage 3, the climate of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau was exceptionally warm and humid, the temperature was 2-4℃ higher than today and the precipitation was 40% to over 100% higher than the current average, all these suggested the existence of an exceedingly strong summer monsoon event. It has been inferred that the occurrence of such an event was attributed, on the one hand, to the stronger summer low pressure over the Plateau, which strengthened the attraction to the summer monsoon; on the other hand, to the vigorous evaporation of the tropic ocean surface, which promoted the moisture-rich southwest monsoon to flow over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The background responsible for the formation of the very strong summer monsoon was that the period of 30-40 kaBP was just in the strong insolation stage of the 20ka precessional cycle, when the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau received extraordinary strong solar radiation and thus enlarged the thermodynamical contrast between the Plateau and the mid-south part of the Indian Ocean.  相似文献   
8.
Discovery of eclogite at northern margin of Qaidam Basin, NW China   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
Eclogite was first discovered at the northern margin of the Qaidam Basin in this study. It occurs as pods in the gneiss sequence of Middle to Upper Proterozoic age and is mainly composed of garnet, omphacite, phengite and rutile. The garnets contain 44%-62% of almandine, 15%-33% of grossular and 12%-30% of pyrope molecules, and the omphacites contain 40%-46% of jadeite. Applying garnet_clinopyroxene thermometry and jadeite geobarometry, the peak conditions of eclogite facies metamorphism occurred at about (722±123)℃ and at the pressure of up to c. 22 ×10 8 Pa.  相似文献   
9.
Over 40 a observed temperature data in 172 stations in China and historical proxy data were analyzed. Evidence suggested that during 1980–1994, the warmest year appeared first in southeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (henceforth SETP) and then gradually spread northwards and eastwards to eastern China. The climatic change on century time scale in recent 600 a shows 3 relatively warm and clod stages in China. Each warm and cold stage appeared first in Tibet Plateau (henceforth TP) and then in the Qilian Mountains, then in the eastern parts of China. The warm and cold stages in TP were 10–60 a earlier than in the eastern China. The facts show that TP is a pilot region of climatic fluctuation in China on the time scale shorter than 103a.  相似文献   
10.
Peng  ShiQiu  Xu  XiangDe  Shi  XiaoHui  Wang  DongXiao  Zhu  YuXiang  Pu  JingJiao 《科学通报(英文版)》2009,54(4):706-710
To improve the numerical simulation of the severe snow storms occurred in the south of China and the middle/lower reaches of Changjiang River during January of 2008, the observations from the automatic weather stations (AWS) over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) and its surrounding areas were assimilated into the Weather Research and Forecasts (WRF) model using multi-cycle 3-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR). Due to the large-scale special topography of the QXP and its surrounding areas which may reach up to the mid-troposphere, the AWS located at different height on the deep slope of the plateau are different to those located on plains and take a role analogous in some extent to that of radio soundings in obtaining the vertical “profile” information of the atmosphere, and have the advantages in the aspects of sampling frequency, location/height fixing, and synchronization. The information captured by these AWS may carry the early-warning “strong signals” in the upstream sensitive area for the downstream weather systems to the east of the plateau and thus the assimilation of these AWS data is expected to lead to significant improvements on the simulation of the severe weather system occurred in its downstream areas through adjusting the 3-dimensional structures of the atmospheric thermal-dynamics for the initial conditions of the model. This study indicates that the assimilated information of moisture, temperature and pressure carried in the observations of AWS over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its surrounding areas is very important and useful in the forecasting of precipitation in its downstream areas. Supported Jointly by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 90502003 and 40625017), LaSW Project (Grant No. 2008LASWZI04), the Key Project of AMS (Grant No. 2008Z006), the JICA Program and the International Sci-Tech Cooperative Project (Grant No. 2007DFB20210)  相似文献   
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