陶瓷细骨料替代方式对混凝土抗压强度的影响

为了提高废弃陶瓷在混凝土中的利用率，将废弃陶瓷破碎、筛分加工成人工细骨料，按不同比例(10%，20%，30%，40%及50%)，且分别采用“C”替代法(即传统替代方式，要求陶瓷细骨料细度模数与天然河砂细度模数相近即可，等质量取代)、“P”替代法(陶瓷细骨料一对一平均替代对应的不同粒径的天然河砂)、“D”替代法(陶瓷细骨料一对一且仅替代粒径为1.18，2.36和4.75mm粒径相对较大的天然河砂)及“X”替代法(陶瓷细骨料一对一且仅替代粒径为0.15，0.3和0.6mm粒径相对较小的天然河砂)取代天然河砂，制备陶瓷细骨料混凝土.共设计21组混凝土，包括基准混凝土1组，“C”，“P”，“D”及“X”替代法各5组.水胶比均为0.49，进行混凝土28d的抗压强度试验.结果表明:在水胶比为0.49的条件下，陶瓷细骨料掺量不大于50%时，陶瓷细骨料混凝土抗压强度和基准混凝土为同一强度等级，均到达C30强度等级要求；不同的替代方式，对应的陶瓷细骨料最佳掺量不同；不同的陶瓷细骨料掺量，对应的最优替代方式不同.     

A new microfiltration membrane with three-dimensional reticular architecture for Nano-pollutants removal from wastewater

This research provides a new insight into designing next-generation filtration materials for Nano-pollutants removal from wastewater, and potentially for gas/solid or liquid/solid separation in corrosive environment. Considering the high corrosion and oxidation resistance, Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy and used as a mechanical support with a pore size of around 10 ?μm. Subsequently, metallic Zn nanoparticles was coated on the Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous framework by means of chemical vapor deposition, obtaining a novel microfiltration membrane with three-dimensional reticular architecture. Furthermore, the influence of Zn coating on surface morphology, pore feature, and filtration capability of Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous alloy was investigated. It is of note that the as-prepared microfiltration membrane exhibits an excellent Nano-pollutants filtration efficiency of greater than 99.989% from wastewater. Most importantly, such a three-dimensional reticular architecture provides excellent structural stability, allowing the reutilization of the microfiltration membrane for at least 200 filtration cycles of wastewater treatment.     

xCaTiO_3-(1-x)LaAlO_3陶瓷微波介电性能的研究

采用传统固相反应法制备x Ca Ti O3-(1-x)La Al O3(0.55≤x≤0.69)(CTLA)陶瓷,研究CTLA陶瓷的物相,微观结构及微波介电性能.结果表明,烧结温度在1 400℃时,陶瓷的微波性能最佳,介电常数在35~47之间,Q×f≥35 000 GHz.随着Ca Ti O3含量的增大,频率温度系数趋零,当x=0.67时,陶瓷具有最佳的微波性能:εr=45,Q×f=36 684 GHz,τf=6.02×10-6/℃.1     

准同型相界附近0.02Pb(Zn_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-0.50Pb(Ni_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_3-0.48Pb(Zr_xTi_(1-x))O_3陶瓷压电性能研究

采用传统固相反应法制备四元系0.02Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.50Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.48Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3(0.29≤x≤0.34)陶瓷.观察样品的晶相结构和显微结构,测试压电性能和介电性能.随着Zr/Ti比的增大,晶相从四方相向三方相转变.发现准同型相界位置在x=0.32附近.1 240℃烧结的0.02PZN-0.50PNN-0.48PZ32T陶瓷展现了良好的压电性能,压电常数d33为715 p C/N,机电耦合系数kp为0.541,剩余极化强度Pr为25.5μC/cm2,矫顽场强Ec为5.6 k V/cm.新的压电材料适合高性能压电器件应用,且简单的制备方法给生产带来极大便利.     

Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods on porous silicon substrates: Effect of growth time

Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods were successfully grown on porous silicon(PS) substrates by chemical bath deposition at a low temperature.X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and photoluminescence(PL)analyses were carried out to investigate the effect of growth duration(2 h to 8 h) on the optical and structural properties of the aligned ZnO nanorods. Strong and sharp ZnO(0 0 2) peaks of the ZnO nanorods proved that the aligned ZnO nanorods were preferentially fabricated along the c-axis of the hexagonal wurtzite structure. FESEM images demonstrated that the Zn O nanorod arrays were well aligned along the c-axis and perpendicular to the PS substrates regardless of the growth duration. The TEM image showed that the top surfaces of the ZnO nanorods were round with a smooth curvature. PL spectra demonstrated that the ZnO nanorods grown for 5 h exhibited the sharpest and most intense PL peaks within the ultraviolet range among all samples.     

人工全髋关节置换术研究现状与展望

人工全髋关节置换术(Total hip arthroplasty THA)是治疗终末期髋关节疾病的快速恢复髋关节功能的有效方法之一,现就人工全髋关节置换术中假体的材料应用与界面配伍、微创手术入路选择、数字骨科发展对THA的意义、手机APP在康复指导和追踪随访中的应用等几方面进行综述.     

Ti2AlN可加工陶瓷的快速制备及压痕行为研究

以TiH₂、AlN粉为原料,采用等离子体活化烧结技术制备出单相Ti₂AlN块体材料.通过对烧结过程中不同反应温度下产物的物相分析及显微结构观察,研究了Ti₂AlN的形成过程.结果表明:在700℃以下,TiH₂完成脱氢过程;当温度超过700℃后,AlN向脱氢后的Ti粉中扩散,并先后出现Ti₃Al、TiN、Ti₃AlN及TiAl等中间相;随着反应不断进行,中间相逐渐向Ti₂AlN相转变,从而在1200℃下保温5min获得了具有明显片层结构的单相Ti₂AlN陶瓷.对此单相Ti₂AlN陶瓷进行了压痕行为研究,结果表明低硬度以及压痕区内晶粒的微开裂是Ti₂AlN陶瓷具有良好可加工性的根本原因.     

钐掺杂氧化锌陶瓷的晶体结构和电磁特性

以ZnO,Sm2O3粉体为原料,采用常压固相烧结法,通过优化烧结工艺,制备出平整、组织均匀、致密的Zn1-xSmxO(x=0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05)陶瓷样品.多晶X射线衍射分析结果表明:当Sm2O3的掺杂量x≥0.04时,过量或堆积的Sm与ZnO结合生成了锌钐尖晶石相ZnSm2O4.特别研究了样品Zn0.97Sm0.03O的表面形貌与成型压力之间的关系和晶粒尺寸、相对密度、电阻率随烧结温度的变化关系.结果表明:成型压力为5 MPa时样品缺陷最少,当烧结温度为1 300℃时,用四探针测试仪测得样品电阻率的最小值为4.78×10-2Ω.cm,用阿基米德排水法测得样品的相对密度超过95%;用振动样品磁强计(VSM)测量陶瓷样品磁化强度与磁场强度之间的关系,表明样品在室温下均呈现顺磁行为.     

Bi_5Fe_(0.7)Ni_(0.3)Ti_3O_(15)多铁陶瓷的电磁性能

采用传统的固相烧结工艺制备出Bi5Fe0.7Ni0.3Ti3O15(BFNT)多铁陶瓷样品,研究镍离子基团的植入对材料的微观结构、磁性能和电性能的影响.X射线衍射谱显示BFNT样品的4层Aurivillius相已形成.室温下,BFNT样品具有铁磁性,其剩余磁化(2Mr)和矫顽场(2Hc)分别为0.086 A.m2.kg-1和18.5 kA.m-1.样品磁性的增强可能来源于局域的Fe—O—Ni的耦合.介电温度谱的测试结果表明:与Bi5FeTi3O15(BFTO)比较,BFNT的铁电相变温度降低,低温段的介电峰具有明显的弛豫特征,该弛豫可能与磁有关.室温下,当外加电场为24.5 MV.m-1时,样品的剩余极化(2Pr)和矫顽场(2Ec)分别为0.069 C.m-2和14.3 MV.m-1.     

(1-x)Bi_(0.5)(Na_(0.8)K_(0.2))_(0.5)TiO_3-xNaSbO_3无铅压电陶瓷微结构与电学性能研究

采用传统压电陶瓷工艺制备了(1-x)B i0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5TiO3-xNaSbO3无铅压电陶瓷,利用XRD、SEM等测试技术表征了陶瓷的晶相结构和表面形貌,利用一些电学仪器测试了其介电和压电性能.结果表明,该体系陶瓷具有单相钙钛矿结构,适量的NaSbO3掺杂可以提高该陶瓷的致密性.在室温下,当掺杂量为0.5%时,该体系表现出较好的压电性能:压电常数d33和机电耦合系数kp分别达到107pC/N和0.209;当掺杂量为0.7%时,εr和tanδ分别为1 551和0.05.