NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层与镍基高温合金基体的界面高温互扩散行为

采用真空等离子体喷涂技术(vacuum plasma spraying, VPS)在镍基高温合金GH3128基体表面沉积NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层,并在1 100 ℃进行不同时间的热处理。采用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscopy,SEM）、能谱仪（energy dispersive spectrometer,EDS）等分析NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层与GH3128高温合金界面元素的互扩散行为。结果表明,在热处理过程中,互扩散区(interdiffusion zone,IDZ)和二次反应区(secondary reaction zone,SRZ)的厚度随着热处理时间延长而增大,且在SRZ中明显观察到拓扑密堆(topological close-packed,TCP)相晶粒的生长。Al、Ta、Co元素由NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层向GH3128高温合金扩散,Ni、W、Mo元素由GH3128高温合金向NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层扩散。依据EDS检测的粘结层/基体界面处元素成分,计算出上述元素在界面处的扩散系数,掌握了各元素在高温热处理过程中的扩散速率,揭示了VPS制备的NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层与GH3128高温合金界面处元素在高温下的互扩散规律。     

Ni7Zr2非晶合金制备及其磁性能研究

采用行星式高能球磨机,通过在室温下球磨纯元素混合粉末制备出Ni7Zr2非晶合金粉末.应用X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析(DTA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对不同球磨时间的混合粉末进行了研究.结果发现球磨时间对混合粉末的结构及颗粒形貌均存在显著影响.随着球磨时间的增加,Ni、Zr颗粒发生严重塑性变形,并且通过冷焊团聚起来,形成具有层状结构的复合颗粒.由于磨球的剧烈撞击,使得结构发生了严重的畸变,从而破坏了原有的有序结构而形成了无序结构.另外,在进一步球磨过程中,合金的晶粒不断减小,形成高体积分数的晶界,而金属粉末不断地发生塑性变形,形成了点缺陷、位错等高密度缺陷,晶格发生严重的畸变,晶体自由能也相应不断上升,最后产生了非晶转变.磁性能测量表明,该合金粉末具有较好的软磁性能.     

镍基涂层和2种钢的冲刷腐蚀特性及其电化学行为

研究了2种超音速火焰喷涂Ni基涂层(Ni60JH与Delelo50)和2种钢(1Crl8Ni9Ti与20钢)在液固两相流中，冲刷腐蚀的交互作用及其电化学行为，并对其冲刷腐蚀机制进行了探索性分析．研究结果表明，Ni60JH和Delelo50涂层的腐蚀质量损失率分别为基体材料的1／30和1／16，Ni60JH涂层的耐冲刷腐蚀性能比基体高15倍多，并与1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢相当，且Delelo50涂层的耐冲刷腐蚀性能比基体高5倍多．Ni60JH涂层主要以切削、犁削冲蚀磨损机理为主，而Delel050涂层和2种钢主要以犁削、塑性变形、翻边冲蚀磨损机理为主．2种涂层和不锈钢在纯腐蚀时均处于钝化状态，在冲刷腐蚀时均处于活化溶解状态．     

镍基金属陶瓷激光熔覆层组织及摩擦磨损性能

采用5 k W横流CO2激光器在45钢基体上熔覆自制的镍基金属陶瓷涂层,对熔覆涂层的成型性、物相组成、组织形貌、显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能进行研究。结果表明:激光熔覆层成型良好,组织细密均匀,主要为Ni-Fe固溶体中分布Fe2B,WC,M7C3型及M23C6型碳化物。熔覆层靠近基材的组织为发达树枝晶,中上部为基体组织上分布着大量长条状及少量零散分布的菊花状物质,但上部晶粒分布的方向性减弱,晶粒更加细小致密。熔覆层搭接时,搭接界面存在着生长方向多与结合面相垂直的树枝晶组织过渡区。熔覆层的显微硬度约600 HV0.2,沿搭接方向没有明显波动,其摩擦系数、磨损失重及磨损程度较基体45钢明显降低,耐磨性显著提高。     

镍基热喷涂层对列车车轮铸钢抗制动热疲劳损伤作用机制探讨

这里主要研究了镍基热喷涂层对车轮铸钢材料抗热疲劳的作用机制,分别对有涂层试样和未涂层试样进行了450～20℃温度幅下热疲劳试验.研究发现,镍基涂层试样在涂层表面出现一些腐蚀坑和微裂纹,但具有层状结构的韧性镍基涂层未出现剥落现象,涂层层状结构阻碍了涂层裂纹向基体的传播,镍基涂层很好地避免了基体材料的热疲劳损伤.而在同等条件下,未涂层试样不论是表面还是断口处都已经遭受到了较为严重的破坏.     

细WC添加量对Ni基WC喷焊涂层性能的影响

采用金相显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了氧乙炔火焰喷焊WC含量不同的Ni基WC涂层的显微组织和相结构,采用湿砂橡胶轮式磨粒磨损实验机对各涂层的抗磨粒磨损性能进行了比较研究,并采用扫描电镜观察了喷焊粉末的形貌和喷焊层的磨损形貌.结果表明,喷焊层的组织为在γ-Ni固溶体基体上弥散分布着细小的碳(硼)化物硬质相,这些细小的硬质相主...     

Unit-cell design for two-dimensional phase-field simulation of microstructure evolution in single-crystal Ni-based superalloys during solidification

Phase-field simulation serves as an effective tool for quantitative characterization of microstructure evolution in single-crystal Ni-based superalloys during solidification nowadays. The classic unit cell is either limited to γdendrites along 001 crystal orientation or too ideal to cover complex morphologies for γ dendrites. An attempt to design the unit cell for two-dimensional(2-D) phase-field simulations of microstructure evolution in single-crystal Ni-based superalloys during solidification was thus performed by using the MICRESS(MICRostructure Evolution Simulation Software) in the framework of the multi-phase-field(MPF) model,and demonstrated in a commercial TMS-113 superalloy. The coupling to CALPHAD(CALculation of PHAse Diagram) thermodynamic database was realized via the TQ interface and the experimental diffusion coefficients were utilized in the simulation. Firstly, the classic unit cell with a single γ dendrite along 001 crystal orientation was employed for the phase-field simulation in order to reproduce the microstructure features.Then, such simple unit cell was extended into the cases with two other different crystal orientations, i.e., 011 and 111 . Thirdly, for 001 crystal orientations, the effect of γ dendritic orientations and unit cell sizes on microstructure and microsegregation was comprehensively studied, from which a new unit cell with multiple γdendrites was proposed. The phase-field simulation with the newly proposed unit cell was further performed in the TMS-113 superalloy, and the microstructure features including the competitive growth of γ dendrites,microsegregation of different solutes and distribution of γ′ grains, can be nicely reproduced.     

Prediction of hot deformation behavior in Ni-based alloy considering the effect of initial microstructure

High temperature heat treatments were conducted for as-cast N08028 alloy to obtain various microstructures with different amounts of σ-phase,and then hot compression tests were carried out using Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator in deformation temperature range from 1100 to1200 ℃ and strain rate range from 0.01 to 1 s-1. For the same initial microstructure, the flow stress was observed to increase with increasing the strain rate and decreasing the deformation temperature, while for the same deformation condition, the flow stress was found to increase with increasing the amount of σ-phase in the initial microstructure. Moreover, dynamic recrystallization was found to be the main dynamic soften mechanism. On this basis, Arrhenius-type constitutive equations and artificial neural network(ANN) model with back-propagation learning algorithm were established to predict hot deformation behavior of the alloy. Furthermore, the parameters of constitutive equations were found to be dependent on the initial microstructure, which was also as one of the inputs for the ANN model. Suitability of the two models was evaluated by comparing the accuracy, correlation coefficient and average absolute relative error, of the prediction. It is concluded that the ANN model is more accurately than the constitutive equations.     

Insight of the dendrite deformation in Ni-based superalloys for increased misorientation along convergent boundaries

The dendrite growth and the associated misorientation evolution on the platform base of a single crystal investment casting were investigated. It was found that the long secondary dendrite arm(LSDA) grew through the whole platform, and a convergent boundary of dendrite arms(CBDA) formed simultaneously between the corresponding branched arms and the extended secondary arms from the blade zone. The corresponding orientation measurement confirmed that the misorientation of dendrite arms between the two sides of the CBDA monotonically increased from 5.9° at one platform edge to 33.5° at the other platform edge. Additionally, the LSDA dendrite deformation was also identified by the accumulated misorientation within the LSDA dendrite core. Furthermore, it was deduced that the increased misorientation along the CBDA was caused by the LSDA dendrite deformation, and the reason of LSDA dendrite deformation was further discussed based on the associated strain distribution around the LSDA. Because of a 33.5° misorientation along the CBDA, it was indicated that the dendrite deformation might be the formation mechanism of high angle boundary.     

基于残差网络的高温合金微观组织图像分割方法

材料微观组织图像分析是材料研究的重要环节,其分析方法的精准性和快速性对新材料的设计、研制和现有材料的优化、寿命评价都非常重要。因此,如何建立更快速更精准的微观组织分割方法成为微观组织图像分析和性能评价的关键。针对传统的微观组织图像分割技术对于高温合金材料分析精度不高等问题,通过对卷积神经网络结构进行优化,提出了一种基于Res_Unet网络的微观组织图像分割方法。实验验证结果表明,本文的方法不仅解决了深度学习在材料组织图像小样本数据上的实现问题,还显著提高了材料微观组织图像的分割精度。