NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层与镍基高温合金基体的界面高温互扩散行为

采用真空等离子体喷涂技术(vacuum plasma spraying, VPS)在镍基高温合金GH3128基体表面沉积NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层,并在1 100 ℃进行不同时间的热处理。采用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscopy,SEM）、能谱仪（energy dispersive spectrometer,EDS）等分析NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层与GH3128高温合金界面元素的互扩散行为。结果表明,在热处理过程中,互扩散区(interdiffusion zone,IDZ)和二次反应区(secondary reaction zone,SRZ)的厚度随着热处理时间延长而增大,且在SRZ中明显观察到拓扑密堆(topological close-packed,TCP)相晶粒的生长。Al、Ta、Co元素由NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层向GH3128高温合金扩散,Ni、W、Mo元素由GH3128高温合金向NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层扩散。依据EDS检测的粘结层/基体界面处元素成分,计算出上述元素在界面处的扩散系数,掌握了各元素在高温热处理过程中的扩散速率,揭示了VPS制备的NiCoCrAlYTa粘结层与GH3128高温合金界面处元素在高温下的互扩散规律。     

镍基金属陶瓷激光熔覆层组织及摩擦磨损性能

采用5 k W横流CO2激光器在45钢基体上熔覆自制的镍基金属陶瓷涂层,对熔覆涂层的成型性、物相组成、组织形貌、显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能进行研究。结果表明:激光熔覆层成型良好,组织细密均匀,主要为Ni-Fe固溶体中分布Fe2B,WC,M7C3型及M23C6型碳化物。熔覆层靠近基材的组织为发达树枝晶,中上部为基体组织上分布着大量长条状及少量零散分布的菊花状物质,但上部晶粒分布的方向性减弱,晶粒更加细小致密。熔覆层搭接时,搭接界面存在着生长方向多与结合面相垂直的树枝晶组织过渡区。熔覆层的显微硬度约600 HV0.2,沿搭接方向没有明显波动,其摩擦系数、磨损失重及磨损程度较基体45钢明显降低,耐磨性显著提高。     

镍基热喷涂层对列车车轮铸钢抗制动热疲劳损伤作用机制探讨

这里主要研究了镍基热喷涂层对车轮铸钢材料抗热疲劳的作用机制,分别对有涂层试样和未涂层试样进行了450～20℃温度幅下热疲劳试验.研究发现,镍基涂层试样在涂层表面出现一些腐蚀坑和微裂纹,但具有层状结构的韧性镍基涂层未出现剥落现象,涂层层状结构阻碍了涂层裂纹向基体的传播,镍基涂层很好地避免了基体材料的热疲劳损伤.而在同等条件下,未涂层试样不论是表面还是断口处都已经遭受到了较为严重的破坏.     

镍基涂层和2种钢的冲刷腐蚀特性及其电化学行为

研究了2种超音速火焰喷涂Ni基涂层(Ni60JH与Delelo50)和2种钢(1Crl8Ni9Ti与20钢)在液固两相流中，冲刷腐蚀的交互作用及其电化学行为，并对其冲刷腐蚀机制进行了探索性分析．研究结果表明，Ni60JH和Delelo50涂层的腐蚀质量损失率分别为基体材料的1／30和1／16，Ni60JH涂层的耐冲刷腐蚀性能比基体高15倍多，并与1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢相当，且Delelo50涂层的耐冲刷腐蚀性能比基体高5倍多．Ni60JH涂层主要以切削、犁削冲蚀磨损机理为主，而Delel050涂层和2种钢主要以犁削、塑性变形、翻边冲蚀磨损机理为主．2种涂层和不锈钢在纯腐蚀时均处于钝化状态，在冲刷腐蚀时均处于活化溶解状态．     

细WC添加量对Ni基WC喷焊涂层性能的影响

采用金相显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了氧乙炔火焰喷焊WC含量不同的Ni基WC涂层的显微组织和相结构,采用湿砂橡胶轮式磨粒磨损实验机对各涂层的抗磨粒磨损性能进行了比较研究,并采用扫描电镜观察了喷焊粉末的形貌和喷焊层的磨损形貌.结果表明,喷焊层的组织为在γ-Ni固溶体基体上弥散分布着细小的碳(硼)化物硬质相,这些细小的硬质相主...     

Unit-cell design for two-dimensional phase-field simulation of microstructure evolution in single-crystal Ni-based superalloys during solidification

Phase-field simulation serves as an effective tool for quantitative characterization of microstructure evolution in single-crystal Ni-based superalloys during solidification nowadays. The classic unit cell is either limited to γdendrites along 001 crystal orientation or too ideal to cover complex morphologies for γ dendrites. An attempt to design the unit cell for two-dimensional(2-D) phase-field simulations of microstructure evolution in single-crystal Ni-based superalloys during solidification was thus performed by using the MICRESS(MICRostructure Evolution Simulation Software) in the framework of the multi-phase-field(MPF) model,and demonstrated in a commercial TMS-113 superalloy. The coupling to CALPHAD(CALculation of PHAse Diagram) thermodynamic database was realized via the TQ interface and the experimental diffusion coefficients were utilized in the simulation. Firstly, the classic unit cell with a single γ dendrite along 001 crystal orientation was employed for the phase-field simulation in order to reproduce the microstructure features.Then, such simple unit cell was extended into the cases with two other different crystal orientations, i.e., 011 and 111 . Thirdly, for 001 crystal orientations, the effect of γ dendritic orientations and unit cell sizes on microstructure and microsegregation was comprehensively studied, from which a new unit cell with multiple γdendrites was proposed. The phase-field simulation with the newly proposed unit cell was further performed in the TMS-113 superalloy, and the microstructure features including the competitive growth of γ dendrites,microsegregation of different solutes and distribution of γ′ grains, can be nicely reproduced.     

Ni7Zr2非晶合金制备及其磁性能研究

采用行星式高能球磨机,通过在室温下球磨纯元素混合粉末制备出Ni7Zr2非晶合金粉末.应用X射线衍射(XRD)、差热分析(DTA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对不同球磨时间的混合粉末进行了研究.结果发现球磨时间对混合粉末的结构及颗粒形貌均存在显著影响.随着球磨时间的增加,Ni、Zr颗粒发生严重塑性变形,并且通过冷焊团聚起来,形成具有层状结构的复合颗粒.由于磨球的剧烈撞击,使得结构发生了严重的畸变,从而破坏了原有的有序结构而形成了无序结构.另外,在进一步球磨过程中,合金的晶粒不断减小,形成高体积分数的晶界,而金属粉末不断地发生塑性变形,形成了点缺陷、位错等高密度缺陷,晶格发生严重的畸变,晶体自由能也相应不断上升,最后产生了非晶转变.磁性能测量表明,该合金粉末具有较好的软磁性能.     

Prediction of hot deformation behavior in Ni-based alloy considering the effect of initial microstructure

High temperature heat treatments were conducted for as-cast N08028 alloy to obtain various microstructures with different amounts of σ-phase,and then hot compression tests were carried out using Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator in deformation temperature range from 1100 to1200 ℃ and strain rate range from 0.01 to 1 s-1. For the same initial microstructure, the flow stress was observed to increase with increasing the strain rate and decreasing the deformation temperature, while for the same deformation condition, the flow stress was found to increase with increasing the amount of σ-phase in the initial microstructure. Moreover, dynamic recrystallization was found to be the main dynamic soften mechanism. On this basis, Arrhenius-type constitutive equations and artificial neural network(ANN) model with back-propagation learning algorithm were established to predict hot deformation behavior of the alloy. Furthermore, the parameters of constitutive equations were found to be dependent on the initial microstructure, which was also as one of the inputs for the ANN model. Suitability of the two models was evaluated by comparing the accuracy, correlation coefficient and average absolute relative error, of the prediction. It is concluded that the ANN model is more accurately than the constitutive equations.     

镍基等离子熔覆堆焊层的空蚀特征与性能

利用等离子熔覆设备堆焊制备了三种不同成分的镍基合金层(Ni46、Ni67、Ni60/35WC),制样后在旋转圆盘空蚀试验机上对制备的合金层进行了空蚀磨损实验.采用SEM、XRD、显微硬度、失重分析法对空蚀前后的合金层进行了对比分析.结果表明:所有堆焊层的失重均大于对比的304不锈钢;SEM形貌观察堆焊层组织中存在缺陷或孔隙,空蚀后组织中的缺陷呈裂纹状发展,因此空蚀伴随着强烈的疲劳损失过程;XRD分析表明空蚀过程诱发了Ni60/35WC表面的相变;另外,空蚀还引起了材料Ni67和Ni60/35WC加工硬化,而Ni46出现了加工软化.     

单晶镍基高温合金DD98微铣削表面质量试验

为研究单晶高温合金的微铣削表面质量,使用M.A.FORD双刃端铣刀,刀刃直径为0.8 mm,试验材料为单晶高温合金DD98,完成正交试验研究.通过极差分析找出主轴转速、进给速度、铣削深度对微铣削表面质量影响的主次因素,即主轴转速的影响最大,铣削深度其次,进给速度最小;采用统计学知识,获得切削工艺参数的优化组合,使表面粗糙度最小,即主轴转速为n=3.6 kr/min,铣削深度为ap=5μm,进给速度为v=100μm/s,对此优化方案重复试验,表面粗糙度值为951 nm.并对其切削机理和影响表面质量及形貌的原因进行深入的分析,对单晶高温合金的微加工理论的机理揭示具有一定的指导意义.