首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   623篇
  免费   54篇
  国内免费   103篇
系统科学   18篇
丛书文集   17篇
教育与普及   4篇
理论与方法论   1篇
现状及发展   13篇
综合类   727篇
  2024年   4篇
  2023年   15篇
  2022年   34篇
  2021年   26篇
  2020年   17篇
  2019年   12篇
  2018年   22篇
  2017年   16篇
  2016年   27篇
  2015年   29篇
  2014年   39篇
  2013年   33篇
  2012年   33篇
  2011年   36篇
  2010年   38篇
  2009年   34篇
  2008年   26篇
  2007年   33篇
  2006年   20篇
  2005年   16篇
  2004年   18篇
  2003年   14篇
  2002年   22篇
  2001年   8篇
  2000年   17篇
  1999年   16篇
  1998年   21篇
  1997年   11篇
  1996年   13篇
  1995年   17篇
  1994年   8篇
  1993年   19篇
  1992年   8篇
  1991年   15篇
  1990年   14篇
  1989年   19篇
  1988年   6篇
  1987年   10篇
  1986年   8篇
  1985年   6篇
排序方式: 共有780条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
为进一步提高关节臂式坐标测量机等高机动性精密测量设备的测量精度,使用D-H矩阵法建立其关节坐标转换数学模型并据此推导出参数误差模型.针对非线性多参数标定问题,通过变换分析消除了最小二乘法求解时矩阵中的冗余参数,降低了计算的复杂性.设定判定准则并实现最小二乘法和模拟退火算法的混合,提出了一种基于混合优化算法的参数标定方法,解决了LM算法的初值设定和SA算法的搜索效率逐步降低的问题.实验结果表明:关节臂式测量机参数经混合优化算法标定后,参数的误差范围有了显著的缩小,单点重复性误差的平均值减小了1.746 mm,长度误差的平均值减小了0.941 mm,测量误差得到了进一步的抑制.  相似文献   
2.
This is a contribution towards a history and philosophy of modeling in its early stages in electromagnetism. In 1873, James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) hinted at the methodology of modeling at the end of his Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. We focus on Maxwell's impact on physicists who immediately followed him, specifically Oliver Lodge (1851–1940) and George Francis FitzGerald (1851–1901). We begin with the role that the scientific concept of model played in the late nineteenth century, as assessed by Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906). We then discuss the role of hypothesis as a methodology, the appeal to (dynamical) illustration, and the way Maxwell applied model and working model in his studies of electromagnetism. We show that for Maxwell these key terms were kept distinct, but Lodge did not maintain these distinctions and, in this regard, FitzGerald followed Lodge. Notwithstanding Lodge's influence, Fitzgerald modified Maxwell's theory based on the mechanical model he designed, thereby implicitly taking the first step towards modeling. This methodology consists in drawing consequences from the (mechanical) model to the (electrodynamic) theory and modifying the latter in light of the functioning of the former. At the core of our argument is the thesis that it was a methodological novelty to move from the concept of model to the methodology of modeling. The introduction of modeling as a new methodology into physics in the late nineteenth century was a major event which deserves proper recognition.  相似文献   
3.
The microstructure, mechanical and magnetic properties of Zr–x (8, 9, 10, wt.%)Nb–4Sn alloys were investigated to obtain novel Zr-based alloy with low Young’s modulus and magnetic susceptibility for biomedical implants. After homogenization annealing, hot forging and solution annealing, Zr–8Nb–4Sn, Zr–9Nb–4Sn and Zr–10Nb–4Sn alloys were composed of β+α″ phase, β+α″ phase, β+ω phase, respectively. The temperature at which the α" and ω phase were transformed into β phase during the heating process was about 200 ​°C, and the phase transformation temperature decreased with the increase of Nb element. Among all the Zr–x (x ​= ​8,9,10)Nb–4Sn(wt.%) alloys, Zr–9Nb–4Sn alloy had the lowest Young's modulus of 46.6 ​GPa and the low magnetic susceptibility of 1.294 ​× ​10−6 cm3g−1, which has a good application prospect for biomedical applications.  相似文献   
4.
The as-cast and heat-treated microstructures and mechanical properties of the AZ91 magnesium alloys with and without minor Sc addition were investigated and compared in this paper. The results indicated that adding0.15–0.45 wt% Sc to the as-cast AZ91 alloy not only could modify and refine the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase but also suppress the formation of the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase. At the same time, the grains of the Sc-containing as-cast AZ91 alloys were also effectively refined. As a result, the mechanical properties at room temperature(RT) for the Sccontaining as-cast AZ91 alloys were effectively improved. In addition, adding 0.15–0.45 wt%Sc to the AZ91 alloy promoted the formation of the continuous precipitates(CP) during the aging treatment in spite of that the formation of the discontinuous precipitates(DP) was simultaneously suppressed. Accordingly, the Sc-containing as-aged AZ91 alloys obtained the relatively higher mechanical properties at RT than the as-aged AZ91 alloy.  相似文献   
5.
The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-3.5Al-5Mo-6V-3Cr-2Sn-0.5Fe high strength titanium alloy sheets prepared by unidirectional cold rolling and two-step cross cold rolling were investigated. Results showed that the β phase grains were refined significantly by cold rolling followed by solution treatment for a short time.Compared to unidirectional cold rolling, the short time solution treatment after two-step cross rolling could significantly reduce the non-uniformity of the microstructure of the alloy sheets. After aging treatment at 550 ℃,the anisotropy of the mechanical properties still existed in the unidirectional rolled sheets, and the tensile strength was highest along the rolling direction. After solution and aging treatment, the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the two-step cross rolling process sheet was not obvious than unidirectional cold rolling,and alloy had good strength and plasticity matching.  相似文献   
6.
三代汽车轮毂轴承外圈沟道磨床上下料时间较长,延长了机床的加工节拍,在磨削速度不能显著提高的环境下,只能减少非加工时间来提高效率,分析了原上下料存在的不足,详细介绍改进后的上下料结构及使用方法,实践证明改进后的上下料具有良好的稳定性、高效性,减少了机床的加工节拍,能够显著提高机床加工效率。  相似文献   
7.
小脑模型关节控制器(CMAC)是一种结构简单、学习速度快的局部神经网络,适合于实时控制。但对于某些高维输入系统来说,CMAC需要大量的存储空间,实际应用性能下降。文章结合传统PID反馈控制与神经网络逆模控制的特点,利用CMAC网络对机械手进行逆模控制;针对网络所需输入量较多的问题,提出了一种单输入CMAC网络的逆模控制策略,并将提出的控制策略应用于2自由度机械手的轨迹控制;引入测量变量使网络输入由二维转换为一维,减少了神经网络所需存储空间,提高了学习速度。仿真实验结果表明,所提出的控制策略克服了机械手非线性和不确定性的影响,是可行的。  相似文献   
8.
通过分析重载铁路轨道结构的受力特征,得出车辆荷载在轨枕上的分担规律。基于二维弹性层状体系理论建立了重载铁路轨道结构的层状体系力学模型。利用MATLAB软件编制相应的程序计算出弹性层状体系的理论解,将得出的计算数据和大秦线实测数据做对比分析,检验出计算程序的正确性和弹性层状体系理论研究方法的可行性,为今后重载铁路轨道结构动力响应的研究提供了一套新的思路和方法。  相似文献   
9.
研究了聚丙烯纤维体积掺量为0.3%时,不同钢纤维掺量对活性粉末混凝土高温后轴心抗拉强度、抗压强度、抗折强度、拉压比、折压比的影响及其随温度的变化规律。结果表明:聚丙烯纤维能够有效抑制爆裂、改善活性粉末高温后的性能;混掺聚丙烯纤维和钢纤维能够提高高温后混杂纤维活性粉末混凝土力学性能,500℃之前损伤率较小,500℃之后损伤率较大;混掺2%钢纤维的混杂纤维活性粉末混凝土高温后的拉压比、折压比提高较多,混杂纤维可以优势互补。  相似文献   
10.
To investigate the change of the mechanical properties of soft metals doped PVD(Physical Vapor Deposition)coatings after the migration of soft metal to the surface, TiN-Cu coating was deposited on Si(100) by magnetron sputtering. The microstructure and mechanical properties at room temperature and after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃ were investigated. The results showed that the grains were clustered and the microstructure was porous for TiN-Cu coating at room temperature, while many micro-and nano-sized Cu particles were observed on the surface after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃. The elastic properties of the TiN-Cu coating after vacuum heat treatment at 300℃ degraded compared with that at room temperature. The hardness and elasticity modulus of TiN-Cu coating kept constant(3.7 GPa and 125.0 GPa, respectively) with the increase of nano-indentation depth, while the hardness and elasticity modulus of TiN-Cu coating after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃ increased gradually.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号