环境协调材料LCA评价方法简介

全面综述了LCA评价方法的定义、评价目的、评价对象、评价过程及结果分析,并将其在环境材料中的应用作了概述.     

建筑材料物化环境状况的定量评价

针对建筑材料造成的严重环境问题 ,运用生命周期评价方法 ,建立了建筑材料生命周期的评价体系和评价模型 ;并选择水泥、钢材和平板玻璃 3种在建设领域用量较大的建筑材料 ,研究 3种材料物化过程的环境影响 ,即材料在原材料获取阶段、生产阶段和运输过程产生的直接环境影响 ,以及由于使用能源而造成的间接环境影响。模型以物化环境影响负荷和资源耗竭系数作为衡量建筑材料环境影响大小的因子。评价结果表明 ,3种建筑材料的物化环境影响中 ,钢材最大 ,平板玻璃其次 ,水泥最小。该结果可作为建筑工程环境影响评价的基础数据 ,用于建筑工程生命周期环境影响评价和相关方的决策     

基于UML的LCA中产品系统的建模研究

从产品系统本身的内在规律和产品全生命周期的观念研究了生命周期评价(LCA)的对象——产品系统及其特性，建立了产品系统概念模型；利用统一建模语言(UML)建立产品系统的结构模型、功能模型和信息模型，并描述产品系统的建模过程。     

Materials and sustainable development

Sustainable development is a concept, which involves social, ecological and economic objectives, and requires to sustain the integrity of resources exploitation, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development and institutional change. Although there is still much confusion and conflict about exact meaning of sustainable development, many agree that sustainable development is about satisfying social, environmenta l, and economic goals. While th e concept is generally accepted and relatively easy to comprehend, the difficulty arises in trying to apply the principles of sustai nable development in practice. One of the difficulties is need to measure the “level of sustainability”. The desirable characteristics for sustainability indicators have to include: simple to calculate, useful for decision making, and robust in indicating progress towa rd sustainability. The exergy analysis a pproach based on full life cycle assessment (LCA) of the materials and technologies is a useful metrics to evaluate mitigation of green house gas (GHG) emissions associated with industrial eco materials and technologies. The metrics is used for reducing dimensionality on the input side by combining material and energy streams and out put side reducing different characterisation factors to a single “unsustainability” indicator in a theoretically rigorous manner. The adopted approach has been illustrated on a few examples associated with Australian aluminium industry.     

基于生命周期评价的绿色房地产开发

基于生命周期评价体系,通过分析房地产开发生命周期各阶段可能造成的环境影响,提出了避免环境问题的绿色开发原则要素,并建立了绿色开发管理的模型。     

An eco- and inno-product design system applying integrated and intelligent qfde and triz methodology

The green environmental laws and regulations are legislated, implemented, and enforced in many countries and economic regions. The provision of green products and services are the fast growing trend in global consumer markets. Therefore, introducing new products with environmental considerations becomes critical for global brand manufacturers. This research depicts an integrated and intelligent eco- and inno-product design methodology to support environmental friendly green product development. The methodology adopts approaches, such as life cycle assessment (LCA), quality function deploymnet for environement (QFDE), theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) and back-propagation network (BPN) to achieve eco- and inno-design objectives. LCA evaluates and compares the environmental impacts of production. QFDE transforms high-level concerns of environment into design requirements. When there are many historical QFDE data, the BPN prediction model is trained and deployed to automate the specifications of green design improvement. TRIZ is to support the creation of innovative product design ideas effectively and efficiently during the concept design stage. Finally, this paper presents two eco-design cases of power adaptor to demonstrate the proposed methodology.     

家电产品生命周期评价边界界定研究

产品在其生命周期过程中,不仅要与环境发生关系,而且还与其它产品系统发生关系,因此在对产品系统进行生命周期评价之前,首先要明确评价的目标以及产品评价系统的范围,从而对产品系统进行准确的评价。该文根据产品生命周期评价系统边界的确定原则,结合现有产品的生命周期过程,确定最佳的产品生命周期评价的范围,从而确保产品生命周期评价的准确性。     

路用材料生命周期评价方法应用研究

文章应用LCA(生命周期评价)方法尝试对水泥混凝土和粉煤灰混凝土两种路用材料进行评价,评价结果表明在水泥混凝土中掺入粉煤灰可以提高混凝土的环境协调性.同时也指出了路用材料LCA局限性及其改进的方向.     

国内外环境材料最新研究进展

介绍了环境材料的概念，对近期国内外在环境材料理论和应用研究领域取得的进展进行了综述，指出了未来环境材料研究的发展方向。     

生命周期评价方法在芯片生产企业清洁生产审核中的应用

针对芯片生产企业在生产过程中产生的能耗和污染问题,运用生命周期评价方法进行了分析,提出了一系列切实可行的清洁生产方案,并对其进行组织实施,取得了良好的环境效益、社会效益和经济效益,促进了企业清洁生产.