Numerical investigation on heat transfer characterization of liquid lithium metal in pipe

Liquid Li metal is a promising nuclear reactor coolant; however, relevant research regarding its heat transfer characteristics remains insufficient. In this study, a steady-state two-dimensional mathematical model is established to describe the heat transfer process of liquid Li in a straight pipe. A numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of inlet velocity, inlet temperature, and wall heat flux on heat transfer in liquid Li. The results indicate the advantage of using liquid Li for improving heat transfer at high inlet temperatures (> 1000 K) compared with using liquid sodium and lead–bismuth eutectic. Considering the mechanism of the outlet radial heat flow model, the ratio of turbulent to molecular diffusion coefficients presents a parabolic distribution along the radius of the pipe. Increasing the inlet velocity, decreasing the inlet temperature, and decreasing the wall heat flux can effectively weaken the dominant role of molecular heat transfer owing to the low Prandtl number of liquid Li. The heat transfer of liquid Li is investigated comprehensively in this study, and the results provide a basis for the practical application of liquid Li as a promising coolant.     

甲烷水合物一维注热开采实验结合数值分析

甲烷水合物是具有发展前景的新能源，对其的开采方法是当今世界的热门话题。本文运用实验探究甲烷水合物的合成、利用软件模拟结合实验等综合方法研究了甲烷水合物被热力开采时的注热温度、注热时间、注热速率，探究这些因素对其开采效果的影响。并结合构建物理模型和数值分析等方法分析了注热开采的动态及规律。结论表明，甲烷水合物的注热开采是一个非稳态的传热过程，温度与时间的关系先呈指数递减后呈线性递减。     

某航空发动机舱电子设备热设计

为了满足航空发动机舱电子设备热防护和热管理系统设计需要,本文对发动机舱内部热量产生和传递过程进行分析,得出了电子设备达到热平衡时的平衡方程,给出了与电子设备相关各部分热量的计算方法,建立了发动机舱电子设备传热计算模型。针对某航空发动机和电子设备的具体参数和工况,利用建立的传热模型进行迭代求解和分析。结果表明：与发动机舱空气温度相比,发动机机匣温度对于传入电子设备内部的热量值影响较大。隔热材料表面发射率越高,隔热材料表面的平衡温度也越高,传入电子设备内部的热量越多。     

Microstructure and heat treatment for Ni3Al-based single crystal alloy with different crystal orientations

Ni₃Al-based single crystal alloy IC6SX with different crystal orientations were prepared by seed crystal method. The microstructure and heat treatment of the alloy were investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of the alloy was in dendrite structure, and the crystal orientation had significant effect on the dendrite morphology of this alloy. The precipitated phases of (MoNi)₆C and NiMo appeared in the microstructure of the three alloys with different crystal orientations during solidification process. Compared with other two alloys, the volume fractions of precipitated phases of both (MoNi)₆C and NiMo was the most in the alloy with [111] orientation and the least in the alloy with [001] orientation. The solidus and liquidus temperatures of the alloy IC6SX tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were 1356 °C and 1387 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the effect of different solution temperatures on the microstructure of the alloy with different orientations was studied. The results showed that the precipitated phases of (MoNi)₆C and NiMo were eliminated with the solid solution treatment under the condition of 1300 °C/10 h. However, the incipient melting of the alloys occurred due to the dissolution of low melting point phases. As the temperature dropped to 1280 °C, the area of incipient melting in the alloy with different orientations decreased gradually. However, there was no incipient melting appearing in the three alloys with different orientations when the solution treatment temperature dropped to 1260 °C.     

大型速冻设备高效蒸发器传热技术研究

对于大型架构下的速冻设备,采纳不同型式,蒸发器特有的传热系数都会凸显差异。本文探析了高效情形下的这类蒸发器,辨识管路排列、管径尺寸数值、翅片各类形态。不结霜情形下,传热特性最为优良的蒸发器应当配有整体框架内的波纹翅片。对于这类器材,设定传热测验以便获得吻合的系数数值。     

组合热源模型下焊剂片约束电弧焊温度场预测

通过反演法将高斯面热源与柱型体热源耦合构建成组合热源,再运用软件ABAQUS对焊剂片约束电弧焊高强钢T形接头在此组合热源作用下形成的温度场进行数值模拟.模拟过程中着重考虑了夹具与工件之间的接触传热.通过将模拟结果与实验结果对比,发现模拟与实验所得焊缝形貌、以及各测试点焊接热循环曲线基本吻合,从而验证了有限元分析中使用该组合热源模型预测焊剂片约束电弧焊温度场的可行性和有效性.对T形接头温度场分布研究发现,模拟的T形接头的面板和芯板在厚度方向温度分布均匀.对热循环曲线的分析中发现,夹具在工件冷却阶段的作用明显,为此对焊接热影响区范围进行数值预测,预测结果与实验结果吻合.     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and properties of a novel Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling

In view of the special requirements for strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling, the Al-6.2 Zn-2.5 Mg-1.6 Cu alloy was prepared by increasing Cu content on basis of Russian Series 1953 alloy. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and properties of the alloy was characterized by optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM), and investigated by tensile test at room temperature, thermal exposure test and corrosion test. The results show that the strength after T6 aging treatment exhibit a decrease trend as an increase of the solution temperature from465 °C to 480 °C. After the solution treated by the rate of 470 °C/1 h, second phases dissolve into the matrix very well and the strength property reaches optimum. The alloy has better comprehensive properties treated by a solution treatment of 470 °C/1 h and then followed by an aging treatment of 120 °C/24 h + 170 °C/1 h + 120 °C/24 h. Under the aging state, the precipitated phases inside the grains are suitable in size, while on the grain boundary distribute discontinuously and the precipitate-free zone is obvious. Besides, the alloy still maintain high tensile properties. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation are 650 MPa, 686 MPa,12.0%, respectively. The yield strength retention after heat exposure is 92%. The alloy has good corrosion resistance and the exfoliation corrosion degree. The average corrosion rate in the H_2S and CO_2 environment is 0.0024 mm/a, which is far less than the required 0.12 mm/a. It is insensitive to H_2S and CO_2 environments.     

非电行业烟气氮氧化物催化净化

氮氧化物(NO_x )严重威胁人体健康和生态环境。随着火电行业烟气NO_x 初步实现超低排放，非电行业烟气NO_x 排放控制成为重中之重。NH₃ 选择性催化还原NO_x 是最有效的NO_x 控制技术。非电行业烟气含有SO₂ 、碱性物质以及重金属等杂质，易导致催化剂中毒失活。针对NO_x 净化催化剂低温活性不足、SO₂ 中毒、碱金属中毒以及复合中毒等关键难题，文章综述了各类低温抗中毒NOx 净化催化剂的研究进展，总结了提高催化剂的低温活性、抗SO₂ 中毒、抗碱金属中毒以及抗复合中毒的策略。文章为开发低温抗中毒NOx 净化催化剂提供了研究思路，为推进NO_x 净化催化剂在非电行业烟气NOx 净化中的实际应用提供理论指导。     

高温超导涂层导体的最近进展和新兴技术

YBCO涂层导体比其他实用超导材料具有巨大的优势和发展前景,近年来激发了世界范围的研究热潮和该领域技术的快速进步.首先对YBCO涂层导体的典型结构和规模制备的两种技术路线进行简要介绍,其次介绍世界各地YBCO涂层导体研发的当前状态和发展,包括当前主流研究机构和他们采用的技术路线情况.更多关注我国在简化缓冲层结构和减少低成本、化学溶液法的热解时间等方面的努力和代表性工作.还将介绍为提高YBCO涂层导体的在场特性而发展起来的人工磁通钉扎方法,包括通过纳米颗粒而优化磁通钉扎的情况.最后我们对涂层导体和其他超导材料的电力应用进行举例说明,如:电力电缆、发电机、变压器、强磁体等示范案例概述.     

磁性水凝胶的制备及其在正渗透中的应用

在Fe3O4纳米磁流体存在的情况下,将强离子型单体2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸钠(AMPS)与温敏单体N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)共聚,制备了磁性水凝胶[P(NIPAM-co-AMPS)/MNPs],并将其用作正渗透汲取剂.表征结果证实:磁性水凝胶显示超顺磁性,其饱和磁化强度与Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子(MNPs)含量呈线性关系.正渗透实验结果表明:引入MNPs对磁性水凝胶水通量影响很小,不同MNPs含量的磁性水凝胶在0.5h内平均水通量范围为2.22~2.52L·m-2·h-1;在不同膜方向模式下,磁性水凝胶表现出可忽略的水通量差异,可避免稀释内部浓差极化问题,同时具有重复使用的优点;在温度刺激下(65℃),引入MNPs可提高磁性水凝胶的脱水效率,质量分数为9.0%的MNPs的磁性水凝胶在最初20min内的脱水率是不含MNPs水凝胶的3.2倍.