On the borderline between Science and Philosophy: A debate on determinism in France around 1880

In the second half of the nineteenth century, a new interest in explosive chemical reactions, sudden release of energy in living beings, physical instabilities, and bifurcations in the solutions of differential equations drew the attention of some scholars. New concepts like triggering actions and guiding principles also emerged. Mathematicians, physicists, physiologists, and philosophers were attracted by this kind of phenomena since they raised a question about the actual existence of a strict determinism in science. In 1878 the mathematical physicist Joseph Boussinesq pointed out a structural analogy among physical instabilities, some essential features of living beings, and singular solutions of differential equations. These developments revived long-lasting philosophical debates on the problematic link between deterministic physical laws and free will. We find in Boussinesq an original and almost isolated attempt to merge mathematical, physical, biological, and philosophical issues into a complex intellectual framework. In the last decades, some philosophers of science rediscovered the connection between physical instabilities and determinism, both in the context of chaos theory, and in the debates on the Norton dome. I put forward a consistent historical reconstruction of the main issues and characters involved.     

方志敏精神集中体现了“为民务实清廉”的价值追求

学习方志敏精神,就要学习方志敏精神的价值追求。文章通过对方志敏精神的深入剖析,认为方志敏精神集中体现了＂为民务实清廉＂的价值追求。方志敏积极传播先进思想武装工农群众,热心发展苏区经济造福工农群众,其精神切实体现了＂为民＂的价值追求;方志敏精神对＂务实＂的价值追求主要体现在政治工作、军事工作和经济工作三个方面;方志敏不仅在思想上坚守清廉,在实际工作中也以身作则。     

论奥古斯丁的理论困境及其原因简

奥古斯丁的基督教思想中存在许多理论矛盾和困境：在原罪问题上，奥古斯丁把原罪产生的原因归结为人的骄傲，这一理论与他强调人类的“社会性”相矛盾；在恩典观上，奥古斯丁的“神恩独作”的观点导致在救赎问题上的预定论，造成理论与现实之间的矛盾；在自由意志问题上，奥古斯丁前后期的自由意志理论不一致，在维护上帝的至善性和绝对权威之间陷入困境。造成这些理论矛盾和困境的原因是奥古斯丁僵化地坚持上帝的“完善性”，而这又是由他的坚持信仰先于理解的态度所造成的。     

《京华烟云》中男性人名的音译与意译

本文通过对林语堂先生所著《京华烟云》中男性人物姓名的分析,阐述了在姓名翻译中音译与意译都是创作者使用的翻译手段,其最终目的都是为文学创作服务,都是为了达到不同语言间的文化交流所使用的方法。     

My Understanding of the Main Similarities and Differences between the Three Translation Models

In this paper, the author wants to prove that the three translation models not only have similarities but also have differences, with the similarities being that they all refer to faithful and free translation and the status of reader, the differences being that their focuses are quite different and their influence upon the present translation theory and practice vary.     

自发过程的判据

判断某个状态变化过程是否自发，是物理化学课教学的重点和难点，可以从自发过程的特点及三个判断自发过程的状态函数之间的关系进行分析，得出自发过程的判据，并从三修养在适用的条件下，归纳出各判据的适用范围，使学生易于掌握。     

公共图书馆免费开放的问题及对策

随着公共图书馆免费开放工作的推进，公共图书馆将面临很多现实问题与困难。本文着重分析公共图书馆免费开放出现的问题，并提出解决方案。     

模糊聚类分析在确定原油加工方案中的应用

为了保证连续生产，不同原油常采用相同的加工方案和操作参数，干扰了装置的平稳生产，严重影响了企业的安全生产和经济效益．由于化学组成和物理性质相近的原油，在加工方案和加工过程中所遇到的问题也极为相似．所以本文运用模糊聚类分析，以相似度为唯一标准，将反映待加工原油性质的密度、粘度、酸值、凝点、残炭、硫含量等六项指标与已加工过原油的性质指标进行归类处理，按不同截值进行分类，参照同一类别的原油加工方案和操作参数来确定待加工原油的加工方案和操作参数．结果表明，当截值λ＝０．９５时，待加工原油与米纳斯原油仍具有较高的相似度，与传统的原油评价结论一致，此方法克服了原油评价滞后于加工生产的现象，具有较高的时效性和现实意义，对炼厂优化和平稳生产具有指导作用．     

脂质过氧化机理及测定方法

本文对有关脂质过氧化方面的文献进行了综述,得出脂质过氧化过程的化学反应图式。讨论了多种测定脂质过氧化的方法。