Edward Gresham’s Astrostereon,or A Discourse of the Falling of the Planet (1603), the Copernican paradox,and the construction of early modern proto-scientific discourse

This paper investigates the functioning of the ‘Copernican paradox’ (stating that the Sun stands still and the Earth revolves around the Sun) in the late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century England, with particular attention to Edward Gresham's (1565–1613) little-known and hitherto understudied astronomical treatise – Astrostereon, or A Discourse of the Falling of the Planet (1603). The text, which is fully appreciative of the heliocentric system, is analysed within a broader context of the ongoing struggles with the Copernican theory at the turn of the seventeenth century. The article finds that apart from having a purely rhetorical function, the ‘Copernican paradox’ featured in the epistemological debates on how early modern scientific knowledge should be constructed and popularised. The introduction of new scientific claims to sceptical audiences had to be done both through mathematical demonstrations and by referring to the familiar concepts and tools drawn from the inventory of humanist education. As this article shows, Gresham's rhetorical techniques used for the rejection of paradoxicality of heliocentrism are similar to some of the practices which Thomas Digges and William Gilbert employed in order to defend their own findings and assertions.     

中世纪英国乡村体制构架补论

中世纪英格兰的乡村体制是农民生活的制度空间，具体而论，村社是国家行政和司法管理的基层单位，敞田制和公地经济的组织者，农民和领主关系的协调人。庄园是领主经济的生产单位，通过权力机构庄园法庭领主对农民行使司法权。     

An unusual silver celestial planisphere in the Whipple Museum

An unusual silver celestial planisphere is held in the collection of the Whipple Museum of the History of Science (Wh.1762); little information about this object is recorded in the museum’s documentation. A comparison of this silver example with celestial planispheres printed on paper, coupled with the consideration of other aspects of the lives and work of the cartographers and instrument-makers involved in producing such objects, suggests some possibilities regarding its production. Through this individual case study, I aim to demonstrate that the careful examination of an individual instrument, coupled with an understanding of the class of instruments to which it belongs and the milieu in which it was produced, can result in a deeper understanding of any given artefact, its circumstances of design and manufacture, and its intended use and users.     

英国创意产业在经济转型中的作用及启示

结合太原市的实际,借鉴英国的做法,提出了在太原市发展创意产业的总体设想、发展思路、具体布局及政策建议等,希望能为太原市的经济发展提供参考价值。     

剧变中的英国19世纪慈善话语

慈善话语作为19世纪英国社会论争的重要焦点，近年来一直是学者关注的焦点。但这些研究大多仅关注慈善之为文化域的次主题，未能从整一、独立视角关注英国19世纪城市化语境下慈善话语的变迁及其表现特征。事实上，随着城市化进程的不断推进，英国19世纪慈善话语呈现出群体性、阶段性、动态性的急剧变迁过程，而且在这一变迁过程中，社会中各...     

A new subgenus of the genus Colastes Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Exothecinae) for species reared from bracket fungi,with description of two new species from Europe

A new Holarctic subgenus (Fungivenator subgen. nov.) of the genus Colastes Haliday, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Exothecinae) is proposed for a group of species that, as far as is known, has its larvae living on hosts in bracket fungi. The type species (Colastes sandei sp. nov. from Netherlands, Germany and England) and a second species (C. fritzeni sp. nov.) from Finland are described and illustrated. A key to the five known species is included.     

简析中古英国财政机构的演变

财政机构的演变是透视中古英国王权性质变化的重要视角。中古英国财政机构经历了一个由王室财政机构向国家财政机构的演变过程,它揭示了带有较强私权性质的王权向不断扩大的公权性质的王权的转变过程。     

论英格兰过错离婚制度的确立

英格兰早期由于信仰天主教而禁止离婚。16世纪亨利八世的离婚风波最终导致了英格兰宗教改革，建立了英国国教，同时也深深地冲击了婚姻立法领域。自此，英格兰开始踏上离婚改革之路，本文通过对史料的梳理，从而揭示英格兰世俗和宗教在婚姻家庭领域的力量对比以及最终确立过错离婚的历程，并对此改革进行分析。