多主元FeNiMnCr0.75Alx高熵合金微观结构和力学性能的研究

研究了合金中Al含量的增加对铸态FeNiMnCr_0.75Al_x（x=0.25，0.5，0.75，原子分数）高熵合金晶体结构及力学性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对合金的微观结构及形貌进行分析，采用维氏硬度计和MTS万能试验机测试合金的硬度和室温压缩性能。试验结果表明，铸态下，FeNiMnCr_0.75Al_x高熵合金均由bcc和fcc两种晶体结构的相构成。随着Al含量的增加，合金中bcc结构的相的相对含量逐渐增加，导致硬度和压缩屈服强度也随之升高，应变量降低；且Al含量的增加最终也促使合金中无序bcc结构的相逐渐转变为Ni：（Mn+Al）=1：1（原子分数比）型有序bcc结构的相。     

Al涂层/AZ91镁合金复合铸造界面的研究

对型芯预喷涂一层Al涂层,将AZ91镁合金液浇注到铸型中实现基体和涂层的结合,对凝固后的结合界面组织和相组成进行分析。结果表明,AZ91镁合金液和Al涂层表面的氧化物发生反应,实现了界面间的润湿,形成冶金结合界面。该界面包含3个扩散层:镁合金基体一侧为(Al₁₂Mg₁₇+δ_Mg)共晶组织;中间层为Al₁₂Mg₁₇金属间化合物;Al涂层一侧为Al₃Mg₂金属间化合物,并弥散分布着一些氧化物。试验结果证明,通过复合铸造的方法可以实现Al涂层和镁合金基体的冶金结合。     

Ti-1300钛合金挤压管材组织性能研究

通过室温拉伸测试和显微组织观察，研究了挤压温度和热处理工艺对Ti-1300钛合金挤压管材显微组织和力学性能的影响，讨论了热加工工艺、显微组织和力学性能之间的关系。结果表明：Ti-1300钛合金在两相区挤压后的横向组织均匀细小，纵向组织沿挤压加工流线破碎均匀；其拉伸强度高达1 445 MPa。管材在相变点以上的高温固溶组织主要由等轴β相晶粒组成，具有较好的塑性。合金两相区挤压后具有较好的强度和塑性的匹配，两相区挤压的塑性明显优于β单相区挤压，尤其面缩。试样经过固溶时效处理后显微组织明显细化，强度大幅度提高，可达1 300 MPa以上。     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and properties of a novel Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling

In view of the special requirements for strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling, the Al-6.2 Zn-2.5 Mg-1.6 Cu alloy was prepared by increasing Cu content on basis of Russian Series 1953 alloy. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and properties of the alloy was characterized by optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM), and investigated by tensile test at room temperature, thermal exposure test and corrosion test. The results show that the strength after T6 aging treatment exhibit a decrease trend as an increase of the solution temperature from465 °C to 480 °C. After the solution treated by the rate of 470 °C/1 h, second phases dissolve into the matrix very well and the strength property reaches optimum. The alloy has better comprehensive properties treated by a solution treatment of 470 °C/1 h and then followed by an aging treatment of 120 °C/24 h + 170 °C/1 h + 120 °C/24 h. Under the aging state, the precipitated phases inside the grains are suitable in size, while on the grain boundary distribute discontinuously and the precipitate-free zone is obvious. Besides, the alloy still maintain high tensile properties. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation are 650 MPa, 686 MPa,12.0%, respectively. The yield strength retention after heat exposure is 92%. The alloy has good corrosion resistance and the exfoliation corrosion degree. The average corrosion rate in the H_2S and CO_2 environment is 0.0024 mm/a, which is far less than the required 0.12 mm/a. It is insensitive to H_2S and CO_2 environments.     

Superior corrosion resistance-dependent laser energy density in(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 high entropy alloy coating fabricated by laser cladding

(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 high entropy alloy(HEA)coatings were successfully fabricated on a substrate of Q235 steel by laser cladding technology.These(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coatings possess excellent properties,particularly corrosion resistance,which is clearly superior to that of some typical bulk HEA and common engineering alloys.In order to obtain appropriate laser cladding preparation process parameters,the effects of laser energy density on the microstructure,microhardness,and corrosion resistance of(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coating were closely studied.Results showed that as the laser energy density increases,precipitation of the Laves phase in(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coating gradually decreases,and diffusion of the Fe element in the substrate intensifies,affecting the integrity of the(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA.This decreases the microhardness of(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coatings.Moreover,the relative content of Cr2O3,Cr(OH)3,and Nb2O5 in the surface passive film of the coating decreases with increasing energy density,causing corrosion resistance to decrease.This study demonstrates the controllability of a high-performance HEA coating using laser cladding technology,which has significance for the laser cladding preparation of other CoCrFeNi-system HEA coatings.     

Effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on Ti–Ta-Hf high temperature shape memory alloy

The microstructure, martensitic transformation and mechanical/functional properties of Ti–Ta-Hf alloys with various thermo-mechanical treatments were investigated. The results reveal that the hot-rolling could refine the grain size and introduce a certain number of defects, resulting in the disappearance of martensitic transformation. The as-casted and solution treated Ti–Ta-Hf alloys were composed of α'' martensite phase and smaller volume of β phase. In contrast, the grain size of solution treated Ti–Ta-Hf alloy was slightly less than that of as-casted Ti–Ta-Hf alloy. This should be responsible to the higher yield stress and superior strain recovery characteristics for solution treated Ti–Ta-Hf alloy. The yield stress for the dislocation slip and the maximum recoverable strain of solution treated Ti–Ta-Hf alloy were 723 ​MPa and 5.06%, respectively.     

动车组车体底边梁用6005A铝型材检验分析

6005A铝合金大截面复杂制品作为轨道车体的边梁或枕梁，对轨道车体的整体起连接和承重作用，是动车组车体的关键部位。采用电子万能试验机、铝型材压力试验机、光学显微镜等研究了速度达400 km·h^-1动车组车体底边梁用6005A铝型材的强度、显微组织和断口形貌等，旨在为动车组用铝挤压型材产品检验和工艺制度制定提供技术支持与指导。     

激光快速成型TC4合金显微组织及力学性能

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子拉伸机等，研究了激光快速成型TC4合金沉积态在平行沉积方向和垂直沉积方向的组织和力学性能.结果表明:激光快速成型TC4合金沉积态宏观组织沿沉积方向生长的粗大β柱状晶呈明暗相间的条带状结构，具备典型的魏氏组织特征;垂直沉积方向的强度比平行沉积方向的强度高，但塑性低;合金断口为韧窝状断口，垂直沉积方向的断口韧窝尺寸比平行沉积方向的小.     

6063铝合金表面点状物的分析研究

利用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)等分析研究了6063铝合金表面点状凸起物的表面形貌及成分.结果表明,这种点状凸起物主要是由大量聚集的碳化硅颗粒以及少量的游离硅组成,碳化硅颗粒硬度较大,不易加工,从而造成铝合金表面异常.     

考虑超固结比与泊松效应的荷载传递模型

为了分析超固结状态及泊松效应对砂土管桩界面剪切特性的影响，在传统双曲线荷载传递模型的基础上，采用考虑超固结比的侧向土压力系数，计入由泊松效应引起的侧向土压力增加值，建立能同时考虑砂土超固结比及管桩泊松效应的界面荷载传递模型，对其可靠性进行验证。通过算例对极限摩阻力影响因素进行分析，结果表明：超固结比从1.0增大到3.0，抗压桩和抗拔桩极限摩阻力近似呈线性增大，抗压桩提高约83.6%，抗拔桩提高约92.9%；泊松比从0.1增大到0.3，抗压桩极限摩阻力呈线性增大，提高约3.5%；抗拔桩极限摩阻力呈线性减小，降低约3.6%；桩土模量比从300增大到1 500，抗压桩极限摩阻力降低约7.6%；抗拔桩极限摩阻力提高约9.6%。