Constrained oscillation of a bubble subjected to shock wave in microvessel

A three-phase coupled model of the gas–liquid–solid oscillation system is established to analyze the oscillation characteristics of a bubble inside a micro blood vessel with various radii and its shape changes with different interface boundaries. The results show that unlike the spherical symmetric oscillation in an unbounded fluid, the oscillating bubble has significant asymmetric characteristics under the constraint of a flexible microvessel, especially while its radius reduces to the same order of magnitude as that of the bubble. Moreover, the variation of microbubble motion, whether the geometric shape or oscillation feature, exhibits obvious differences in the micro blood vessel compared with the rigid wall. The reasons behind these phenomena are analyzed in this paper. The conclusions have significant importance in the understanding of the mechanism of microvessel injury in ultrasound therapy.     

钢桥面板U肋底部非对称弧形缺口的应力特征

针对钢桥面板检测中U肋底部弧形缺口关于顶板U肋不对称现象,建立对称缺口与2种非对称缺口的有限元模型。首先确定了横隔板-U肋相交部位3个构造细节的应力最不利荷载位置,在此基础上研究了各细节的应力特征,分析了非对称弧形缺口各个构造细节的应力分布和应力组成的影响。结果表明：非对称缺口对各细节应力最不利荷载位置影响较小;非对称缺口影响下缺口偏小侧各细节应力均出现较大增幅;缺口偏小侧弧形缺口周边应力集中现象加剧,应力集中区域扩大并转移至横隔板焊缝端部;非对称缺口增大了横隔板-U肋连接刚度,导致横隔板面外应力占比下降,但部分工况下U肋腹板焊趾处面外作用增大。     

政府对一类风险回避型垄断企业价格管制的激励机制设计与分析

通过引入有关垄断企业成本的不对称信息，以政府和垄断企业为对象，研究委托代理框架下政府对风险回避的企业进行价格管制的机制设计问题，分析风险回避对最优机制的影响，度量风险回避度对于管制价格水平的扭曲。在成本参数服从均匀分布以及逆需求函数为线性的特定假设下．认为两种极端风险态度下管制价格、生产产量与成本参数的相关性是相同的。     

鱼腥藻毒素合成中间体的不对称合成

报道(一)-AnTx-a关键中间体的四步合成新途径,设计一个新型(一)-AnTx-a类似物并以同法合成其中间体,本法是对以Mannich反应为基础的AnTX-a的合成策略的补充。     

三苯基膦-氯化钌-DPEN催化取代苯乙酮不对称加氢

用三苯基膦-氯化钌-DPEN配合物作催化剂催化了苯乙酮和几种邻位取代苯乙酮的不对称氢化反应。结果表明：此配合物对苯乙酮和几种邻位取代苯乙酮进行不对称氢化反应具有良好的催化性能和较高的对映选择性,在优化的条件下,其不对称氢化反应的转化率可达到100％,其ee值可达到49％～78％。     

Chiral ligand-protected gold nanoclusters: Considering the optical activity from a viewpoint of ligand dissymmetric field

Chirality is a geometric property of a physical, chemical, or biological object, which is not superimposable on its mirror image. Its significant presence has led to a strong demand in the development of chiral drugs, sensors, catalysts, and photofunctional materials. In recent years, chirality of nanoscale organic/inorganic hybrids has received tremendous attention owing to potential applications in chiral nanotechnology. In particular, with the recent progress in the syntheses and characterizations of atomically precise gold nanoclusters protected by achiral thiolates, atomic level origins of their chirality have been unveiled. On the other hand, chirality or optical activity in metal nanoclusters can also be introduced via the surface chiral ligands, which should be universal for the nanosystems. This tutorial review presents some optically-active metal (gold) nanoclusters protected by chiral thiolates or phosphines, and their chiroptical (or circular dichroism; CD) properties are discussed mostly from a viewpoint of the ligand dissymmetric field scheme. The examples are the gold nanoclusters protected by (R)-/(S)-2-phenylpropane-1-thiol, (R)-/(S)-mercaptosuccinic acid, phenylboronate-D/L-fructose complexes, phosphine sulfonate-ephedrinium ion pairs, or glutathione. Some methodologies for versatile asymmetric transformation and chiroptical controls of the nanocluster compounds are also described. In the dissymmetric field model as the origin of optical activity, the chiroptical responses of the gold nanoclusters are strongly associated with coupled oscillator and/or CD stealing mechanisms based on the concept of induced CD (ICD) derived from a perturbation theory, so on this basis, some characteristic features of the observed CD responses of chiral ligand-protected gold nanoclusters are presented in detail. We believe that various kinds of origins of chirality found in ligand-protected gold nanoclusters may provide models for understanding those of many related nanomaterials.     

R ＆ D STRATEGIC INVESTMENT IN AN ASYMMETRICAL CASE

This article analyzes R ＆ D investment decisions in an asymmetrical case. The investment decisions share three important characteristics. First, the investment is completely irreversible. Second, there are two kinds of uncertainties over the future returns from the investment and over technology in R ＆ D process, respectively. Third, there is strategic competition in the asymmetrical case. This article presents the optimal investment threshold values and the optimal investment rule of high-efficient firm （leader）, and shows that the investment threshold values are reduced by competition of two firms. Finally, the mixed investment strategies for two firms, the probability that each firm separately exercises the option to invest, and the probability that two firms simultaneously exercise the option are given in the paper.     

Cooperative Mechanism of Supply Chain Under Asymmetric Information

Abstract: The cooperative mechanism is one main issue in the decentralized supply chain system, especially in an asym-metric information structure. We analyze the non-cooperative game behavior of a 2-echelon distribution supply chain,compare the results with the system optimal solution, and give the supplier dominated cooperative mechanisms. We alsoanalyze the validity of our contract under the asymmetric retailers' holding cost information and give some useful conclu-sions.     

非对称信息条件下上市公司操纵利润的动因分析

一方面由于内部人的利益驱动，诸如追求较多的津贴、炒作股价以套利，使得作为内部人的经理存在操纵公司利润的动机和偏好；另一方面由于经理人拥有关于公司与其当前以及未来的收益流的信息，这些信息是当前和潜在的股东所不拥有的(即在公司经理与股东间存在信息的非对称性)，这就给经理人操纵利润创造了条件，所以上市公司在不同程度上存在利润操纵。信息非对称的程度越高，利润操纵的可能性就越大，而且利润操纵的程度也就越深。文章先介绍非对称信息与利润操纵间的关系，然后从经理人迎合股价炒作以获得资本利得的角度分析上市公司操纵利润的动因。     

基于不对称边界的变精度粗糙集的参数选择

不对称边界的变精度粗糙集是Pawlak粗糙集、变精度粗糙集的推广,在l和u参数作用下,使粗糙集模型更加一般化,完善了近似空间的概念。基于不对称变精度粗糙集模型研究的基础上,提出了分类质量和依赖度的方法对不精确信息进行度量,对决策表进行约简。在l,u值的选取,提出了单参数控制的方法,通过l,u-质量图分析和计算验证了方法的有效性。