水热法制备不同形貌纳米片状MoS_2的光催化性能

二硫化钼是类似于石墨烯的二维层状材料,其优异的磁学性能、电学性能、催化性能和光学性能受到了科研人员的广泛关注.通过水热法制备出4种不同形貌的二硫化钼纳米片.对二硫化钼样品进行扫描电子显微镜测试,以200 W钨丝灯为光源,在暗箱中进行甲基橙溶液的降解测试.通过紫外可见光分光光度计对测试样品溶液进行吸光度测试,得出纳米片状的二硫化钼光催化降解甲基橙溶液降解率最高.     

聚偏氟乙烯/磷酸化纳米二氧化硅螯合金属锆杂化膜

结合原位合成法和相转化法,利用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和硅烷偶联剂3氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)改性制备聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)/氨基化纳米二氧化硅(NH 2-SiO 2)杂化膜,然后通过磷酸化处理,固定螯合金属锆(Zr),从而提高杂化膜对卵清蛋白的吸附能力,同时改善了杂化膜的亲水性能。当TEOS质量分数为8%时,改性后的磷酸化Zr+PVDF/NH 2-SiO 2杂化膜对卵清蛋白吸附量达到最大,为150.7 mg/g,且其经过4次吸附洗脱重复循环后对卵清蛋白的解吸附率保持在80%以上,显示该杂化膜具有良好的重复吸附和解吸附能力。     

生物模板法制备高性能Co/ZnO太阳光催化剂

为了提高太阳光的光催化效率,以二水合乙酸锌、六水合硝酸钴为原料,以竹纤维为模板,采用浸渍-热转化制备了钴掺杂摩尔分数为0%～4.0%的Co/ZnO复合材料.利用X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、热重分析对复合材料的结构、形貌和物相等进行表征.在太阳光的照射下,使用亚甲基蓝评价复合材料的光催化活性,探究前驱物煅烧时间及钴掺杂量对Co/ZnO催化剂光催化性能的影响.结果表明:当钴掺杂摩尔分数为2.0%时,浸泡2 h获得的前驱物经过600 ℃煅烧2 h制成的Co/ZnO复合材料对亚甲基蓝的降解效率最佳,降解率为91.29     

基于共价有机框架的仿生光动力学治疗试剂的构建

共价有机框架（COF）是一类新兴的多孔有机聚合物，因其具有较大的比表面积、有序的孔道结构以及良好的生物相容性，已成为具有潜力的纳米药物载体.制备了基于COF纳米颗粒的仿生纳米复合物，负载光敏剂孟加拉玫瑰红（RB），并包裹癌细胞膜（CMV）对该复合物进行仿生修饰.结果表明：制备的COF/RB@CMV纳米复合物具有良好的生物兼容性，能够被肿瘤细胞有效摄取，并在光照激活条件下产生对细胞具有高毒性的活性氧化物（ROS），进而起到了杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用.提出了一种新的基于COF的仿生纳米平台用作光动力学治疗（PDT）试剂.     

高性能膜分离材料、膜过程强化关键技术及装备的研制与应用

针对影响和制约膜分离技术大规模推广应用的关键材料与技术瓶颈,中国科学院过程工程研究所"生化工程介质与设备"创新团队经过多年自主创新,在高性能分离膜材料、膜过程强化关键技术和高效膜分离装备等方面取得了系列科研成果,部分成果在调味品、水处理、中药等行业实现了产业化应用,创造了显著的经济效益和社会效益,为提高我国膜工业研发与应用水平,缩短我国膜分离行业与国外先进水平之间的差距,促进膜分离技术的大规模工业化应用做出了贡献。     

Key technologies for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems fueled impure hydrogen

Hydrogen energy and polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells become concerned issues in recent years. Nevertheless, the construction of hydrogen refueling infrastructure and hydrogen storage and transportation constrains the commercial development of fuel cells. In this review, sources, production, storage, transportation, and purification methods of hydrogen are extensively reviewed and compared. The advantages of utilizing industrial by-product hydrogen and steam reforming gas in PEM fuel cell systems are analyzed. Using industrial wasted hydrogen can significantly reduce the cost of hydrogen. Also, it is indicated that the onboard hydrogen generation by steam methanol reforming can solve the difficulties of efficient storage and transportation of gaseous hydrogen, which means that methanol has great potential to be a convenient carrier of hydrogen. The effects of impurities contained in the reformate gas are generally introduced. After the methanol steam reforming and pretreatment purification processes, the reformate gas can be fed to PEM fuel cells. Thus, a fuel cell system integrated with onboard hydrogen production and impure hydrogen treatment subsystems is introduced, and key technologies therein for pretreatment purification and in-situ poisoning mitigation methods are reviewed. Finally, suggestions are proposed for further studies.     

Janus few layered graphene with asymmetric wettability as anti-flooding cathode supports in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Water balance in cathode catalyst layer (CCL) is crucial for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, we report a novel strategy to develop a Janus few layered graphene particles (FLGP) with asymmetric wettability by varying the carbon precursors in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Using the Janus FLGP supported Pt with asymmetric wettability as the cathode of a PEMFC, a peak power density of 632 mW cm⁻² was achieved, which was about two-folds of the hydrophobic FLGP and three-folds of hydrophilic FLGP based cathode, respectively. The enhanced performance could be ascribed to the well-constructed three-phase boundary in an anti-flooding cathode, leading to enlarged electrochemical active surface area and facilitated mass transfer. This work may provide new clues for improving water management in PEMFCs.     

大鼠鞘内给药方法比较及改进

目的通过实验对比研究,介绍一种损伤少、稳定可靠、可持续性给药的鞘内给药方法。方法大鼠72只随机分为6组:4组手术处理组(经枕寰膜置管组、经枕寰膜置管+微型渗透泵组、经腰椎椎间孔置管组、经腰椎椎间孔置管+微型渗透泵组)和2组假手术对照组(经枕寰膜置管假手术组、经腰椎椎间孔置管假手术组)。置管组导管游离端固定于皮肤。观察术后大鼠体质量、致瘫、致死、脱管等一般状态,同时检测手术前后转棒持续时间、机械刺激缩足反射阈值及热刺激缩足反射潜伏期行为学变化。结果经枕寰膜置管大鼠近50%致死、致瘫、一般状态不良(体质量严重下降、口鼻炎性分泌物)。经枕寰膜置管+微型渗透泵组大鼠情况类似。经腰椎椎间孔置管组大鼠未见致死、致瘫及体质量下降,但1/3发生脱管。腰椎椎间孔置管+微型渗透泵组大鼠未见致死、致瘫及体质量下降,全部未脱管。经枕寰膜置管可致大鼠转棒运动能力显著低于术前和对照组,其热刺激缩足反射潜伏期和机械刺激缩足反射阈值均显著低于术前和对照组。经腰椎椎间孔置管对大鼠转棒运动能力和基础痛阈均无明显影响,与对照组和术前自身比较差异均无显著性。结论经腰椎椎间孔置管结合微型渗透泵方法是鞘内给药损伤少、稳定可靠的最佳方法。     

光触媒降解室内甲醛的影响因素研究

通过分析室内装修中污染的现状,指出用光触媒降解甲醛的优越性。采用实验研究了光照种类和强度、温度、湿度及喷涂面积对光触媒降解甲醛的影响。结果表明:强的紫外线光照、大的喷涂面积、高温能促进光触媒降解甲醛,而高湿度不利于光触媒降解甲醛。     

A new microfiltration membrane with three-dimensional reticular architecture for Nano-pollutants removal from wastewater

This research provides a new insight into designing next-generation filtration materials for Nano-pollutants removal from wastewater, and potentially for gas/solid or liquid/solid separation in corrosive environment. Considering the high corrosion and oxidation resistance, Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous alloy was prepared by powder metallurgy and used as a mechanical support with a pore size of around 10 ?μm. Subsequently, metallic Zn nanoparticles was coated on the Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous framework by means of chemical vapor deposition, obtaining a novel microfiltration membrane with three-dimensional reticular architecture. Furthermore, the influence of Zn coating on surface morphology, pore feature, and filtration capability of Ti–40Al–10Nb–10Cr porous alloy was investigated. It is of note that the as-prepared microfiltration membrane exhibits an excellent Nano-pollutants filtration efficiency of greater than 99.989% from wastewater. Most importantly, such a three-dimensional reticular architecture provides excellent structural stability, allowing the reutilization of the microfiltration membrane for at least 200 filtration cycles of wastewater treatment.