Induction of human β-defensin-2 in airway epithelial cells by Streptococcus pneumoniae： involvement of IP3-dependent intracellular calcium release and NF-κB

Human β-definsin-2 （hBD-2） is mainly induced by bacterial factors and pro-inflammation mediators in epithelial cells. As the major cause of community-acquired pneumonia, whether Streptococcus pneumoniae （S. pneu-moniae） stimulation induces hBD-2 expression in airway epithelial cells is elusive. In this study, we found that S. pneumoniae stimulation induced hBD-2 expression in a time-and concentration-dependent manner in primary human airway epithelial cells. To further reveal the mechanism of S. pneumoniae inducing hBD-2, we found that S. pneumoniae stimulation activated NF-κB signaling pathway. Specific NF-κB inhibitor, PDTC, could reverse the induction of hBD-2 by S. pneumoniae. We also found that cellular inner Ca^2＋ signaling is involved in the S. pneumoniae-induced hBD-2. Taken together, our find-ings indicated that S. pneumoniae can stimulate the expression of hBD-2 in airway epithelial cells and NF-κB and inositol triphosphate-dependent intracellular calcium release is involved in this induction.     

The p38/MAPK pathway regulates microtubule polymerization through phosphorylation of MAP4 and Op18 in hypoxic cells

In both cardiomyocytes and HeLa cells, hypoxia (1% O₂) quickly leads to microtubule disruption, but little is known about how microtubule dynamics change during the early stages of hypoxia. We demonstrate that microtubule associated protein 4 (MAP4) phosphorylation increases while oncoprotein 18/stathmin (Op18) phosphorylation decreases after hypoxia, but their protein levels do not change. p38/MAPK activity increases quickly after hypoxia concomitant with MAP4 phosphorylation, and the activated p38/MAPK signaling leads to MAP4 phosphorylation and to Op18 dephosphorylation, both of which induce microtubule disruption. We confirmed the interaction between phospho-p38 and MAP4 using immunoprecipitation and found that SB203580, a p38/MAPK inhibitor, increases and MKK6(Glu) overexpression decreases hypoxic cell viability. Our results demonstrate that hypoxia induces microtubule depolymerization and decreased cell viability via the activation of the p38/MAPK signaling pathway and changes the phosphorylation levels of its downstream effectors, MAP4 and Op18.     

一类求解变分不等式和平衡问题的迭代序列的强收敛定理

给出了一种改进的迭代算法,可用于求解变分不等式和平衡问题,并证明了此迭代序列的强收敛性;推广了文献[1]和[3]的结果.     

标准CMOS工艺的外层型人工视网膜芯片设计

针对外层型视网膜修复技术中芯片像素密度难以提高的问题,设计了一种具有更小尺寸及更高像素密度的视网膜芯片。芯片采用CHRT公司0.35μm标准CMOS工艺,选用双向驰张振荡器电路作为基本像元电路,在Cadence软件平台上进行了电路的调试及版图制作和后仿真。实验结果表明,像元电路能够随光电流大小变化输出幅值及频率可调的脉冲信号对视网膜神经细胞进行有效刺激,版图制作后仿真得到像元电路脉冲宽度为0.26 ms,频率为18~503 Hz,版图大小为65μm×65μm,初步设计的芯片大小为1.1 mm×1.1 mm。芯片各项参数均能满足生理学上对视网膜神经细胞进行有效刺激的要求,实验结果为芯片后续研究提供了良好的基础。     

典型脑疾病——自发性脑出血研究进展与新理念

 自发性脑出血是致死率、致残率最高的脑血管疾病,提高自发性脑出血的防治效果是目前临床上最迫切需要解决的问题之一。本文简述了自发性脑出血的定义及自然史,综述自发性脑出血的病理损伤机制及目前治疗现状。提出豆纹动脉神经复合体的概念,以便系统整体地研究脑出血发生发展的机制,解决脑出血发生发展的关键科学问题,建立出血性脑卒中预防、诊断和治疗体系,最终提高出血性脑卒中的整体防治水平,降低致死致残率。     

The mobilization of rat’s mesenchymal stem cells into peripheral blood by LiCL and its potency differentiation

Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） are multipotent cells, which can differentiate into different tissues. It is still controversial whether MSCs can be isolated from adult peripheral blood （PB） under normal conditions and whether they can be mobilized in a way similar to that of hematopoieUc stem cells （HSCs）. In this study, rat MSCs circulating in the PB under normal conditions can be isolated and cultured, and MSCs from PB and BM can be mobilized by LiCL. The mobilized MSCs can be induced to differentiate into neuron by such factors as β-mercaptoethanol and supernatants of nerve cell cultures. The present study provides a broader perspective on the repair of neural trauma.     

渝西北土壤重金属分布特征及其风险评价

为全面了解重庆西北地区（潼南区、铜梁区、合川区和大足区）土壤中重金属质量分数、分布特征及其生态风险,在该区共采集表层土壤样品6 792件,测定了As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb和Zn等8种重金属元素质量分数,并用土壤环境质量标准（GB15618-1995）和潜在生态风险指数对土壤重金属污染进行评价.结果表明：1）表层土壤Cd质量分数累积效应最大,是背景值的2.43倍,超标比例为18.67%,其余7种重金属元素质量分数平均值低于土壤环境质量一级标准值;2）空间分布特征表明,Zn,Cd,Pb,As,Ni,Cu和Cr 7种元素在研究区西部质量分数较高,Hg在东部质量分数较高,主要受地层控制和土地利用方式的影响;3）研究区重金属污染对该区构成的潜在生态危害由强至弱依次为：Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Cu,Ni,Cr,Zn,整体处于中等潜在生态风险等级,主要受Cd和Hg元素的影响,二者可能造成的生态危害应引起重视.     

融合构型查找表与邻接查找子表的改进MC方法

针对医学图像三维可视化中移动立方体面绘制算法（marching cubes,MC）执行速度慢、效率不高的问题,提出了融合构型查找表与邻接查找子表的改进MC方法。该方法通过显性构建邻接查找子表约束体元搜索路径,使面绘制时只处理有效体元,根据邻接查找子表特点设计堆栈结构实现搜索算法,不仅提高了算法访问效率,而且减少了临时存储空间。在可视化工具包(VTK）下用改进MC方法对人体脚、胸腔、头部的CT数据集进行三维重建实验,结果表明在不损失重建质量的前提下,重建过程中遍历立方体数目缩短95%左右,重建时间缩短20%左右,提高了MC方法的执行速度和重建效率。     

西藏冬虫夏草无性型5.8S rDNA,ITS间区系统发育分析

 采用相对较低的培养温度(5~12℃),从西藏那曲当年产风干冬虫夏草[Cordyceps sinensis(Berk.)Sacc.]分离得到菌株C21,综合其菌丝形态学特征及5.8S rDNA和ITS间区的系统发育分析结果,证实菌株C21为冬虫夏草菌的无性型,即中国被毛孢(Hirsutella sinensis).     

Developmental study on the immunocytochemical localization of NOV protein-containing neurons in the rat brain

The localization and development of nephroblastoma overexpressed gene (nov) protein-immunoreactive neurons in the brain of E8-P300 rats have been studied using immunocytochemistry and image analysis. Results are as follows: No NOV protein-immunoreactive cells were detected in the rat brain during prenatal development. A few of positive cells were detected at the early postnatal stage. However, the number and the immunoreactivity of these cells increased gradually at later stages. NOV-immunoreactive cells were widely distributed in the rat brain during P30–P60. The number of immunoreactive cells and their intensity also peaked within this stage. The number and staining intensity of NOV-positive cells decreased gradually with age. The positive cells were mainly located in cingulate cortex, striatum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cerebellum and brain stem. The present results indicate thatnov may play an important role in the development and differentiation of brain as well as maintaining the function of brain.