世界航天发射运输的发展趋势

 针对世界航天发射运输系统，梳理了国内外发展现状和发展特点，综合对比了国内外航天发射场、运载火箭、火箭发动机的发展现状，并提出了未来发展趋势和展望。提出了低成本进入空间将改变世界航天发展的基本格局，航天远程跨域运输将突破航空领域运输效率的极限，指出了天地往返运输将成为维系空间环境的必然选择，轨道的多样性将催生多样态全域发射能力，同时传统液氧/煤油、液氢/液氧、液氧/甲烷等推进体制的主力运用领域将会迎来重大变革。     

非酒精性脂肪肝与心血管疾病相关性的研究

非酒精性脂肪肝是慢性肝功能障碍最常见的原因，是一个严重的全球性健康问题。非酒精性脂肪肝已被证明与胰岛素抵抗、肥胖和代谢综合征相关，而这些因素又与心血管疾病密不可分。大量研究表明，非酒精性脂肪肝患者发生心血管疾病的风险增加，心血管疾病是其主要的死亡原因。越来越多的证据提示非酒精性脂肪肝不仅是心血管疾病的一个易感因素，而且可能参与了心血管疾病的发病机制。     

基于改进物元可拓模型的光充储系统运营效益评价

随着光伏发电规模的不断扩大和储能技术的快速发展,光伏发电和储能系统的结合逐渐得到应用,其运营效益可以有效地衡量光充储系统的经济性,也是系统进一步推广的关键.通过建立4个层面18个指标的光充储系统运营效益评价指标体系,并采用了主客观结合的组合赋权模型,结合改进的物元可拓模型对光充储结合系统的运营效益情况展开评价,并对评价结果展开分析.结果 表明:光充储系统总体的运营效益状况良好,并且所构建的光充储系统运营效益评价模型能够进行有效评价.     

祁连山玉石沟橄榄岩中非生物成因甲烷‒石墨流体包裹体及其形成条件

研究北祁连造山带玉石沟橄榄岩中富甲烷流体包裹体。激光拉曼光谱原位分析结果显示, 这些流体包裹体主要由液态或气态 CH₄+C(石墨)组成, 次要成分为N₂, H₂O, C₂H₆和C₃H₈, 代表还原性的C-H流体形式。根据石墨的拉曼特征谱峰, 利用石墨化碳质拉曼光谱(RSCM)温度计计算石墨形成温度, 结果指示石墨在流体中沉淀的最低温度介于430~590°C之间, 表明CH₄+C是非生物成因的, 并形成于地幔环境。     

双通道多感知卷积神经网络图像超分辨率重建

基于深度卷积神经网络的单幅图像超分辨率重建取得了显著研究成果.但随着深度卷积神经网络规模的不断扩大，如何降低网络构建难度和计算成本成为一个难点.为此，提出了一种双通道多感知卷积神经网络(DMCN)模型.该模型在两条具有不同卷积核的通道上建立了稠密连接，并构建了带有动态调节能力的层间融合结构.这种结构的设计使得小规模卷积神经网络便能获得图片特征信息的全面感知能力.实验结果表明，DMCN重建效果优于目前多数具有代表性的重建算法.     

Forecasting the duration of short‐term deflation episodes

The paper proposes a simulation‐based approach to multistep probabilistic forecasting, applied for predicting the probability and duration of negative inflation. The essence of this approach is in counting runs simulated from a multivariate distribution representing the probabilistic forecasts, which enters the negative inflation regime. The marginal distributions of forecasts are estimated using the series of past forecast errors, and the joint distribution is obtained by a multivariate copula approach. This technique is applied for estimating the probability of negative inflation in China and its expected duration, with the marginal distributions computed by fitting weighted skew‐normal and two‐piece normal distributions to autoregressive moving average ex post forecast errors and using the multivariate Student t copula.     

Blockage of the NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 improves anti-tumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical innate immune pathway responsible for producing active interleukin (IL)-1β, which is associated with tumor development and immunity. However, the mechanisms regulating the inflammatory microenvironment, tumorigenesis and tumor immunity are unclear. Herein, we show that the NLRP3 inflammasome was over-expressed in human HNSCC tissues and that the IL-1β concentration was increased in the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients. Additionally, elevated NLRP3 inflammasome levels were detected in tumor tissues of Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO HNSCC mice, and elevated IL-1β levels were detected in the peripheral blood serum, spleen, draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues. Blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation using MCC950 remarkably reduced IL-1β production in an HNSCC mouse model and reduced the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Moreover, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation increased the numbers of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in HNSCC mice. Notably, the numbers of exhausted PD-1⁺ and Tim3⁺ T cells were significantly reduced. A human HNSCC tissue microarray showed that NLRP3 inflammasome expression was correlated with the expression of CD8 and CD4, the Treg marker Foxp3, the MDSC markers CD11b and CD33, and the TAM markers CD68 and CD163, PD-1 and Tim3. Overall, our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway promotes tumorigenesis in HNSCC and inactivation of this pathway delays tumor growth, accompanied by decreased immunosuppressive cell accumulation and an increased number of effector T cells. Thus, inhibition of the tumor microenvironment through the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway may provide a novel approach for HNSCC therapy.     

基于滑移/非滑移异质界面的动压润滑性能优化

合理布置的滑移/非滑移异质界面可以提高流体动压润滑性能,但目前滑移区和非滑移区的组合方式大多采用单一的直线拼接法,没有针对流体润滑摩擦副的各类工况设计出相应的优化方案,为此本文建立了一组离散式二次方程来描述滑移区和非滑移区拼接轨迹,并引入计算域单元的宽长比作为优化变量,分别以液膜刚度和摩擦因数作为优化目标,通过MATLAB数值仿真求解不同宽长比条件下滑移区和非滑移区的最优拼接轨迹。结果表明,与直线拼接法相比,选取二次方程所描述的抛物线作为滑移区和非滑移区拼接轨迹的方法使流体润滑摩擦副在摩擦因数和液膜刚度等性能指标上都有所改善,而且根据不同的优化目标参数可以方便地绘制出最优拼接方案,验证了本文方法在改善动压润滑性能上的可行性和普适性。     

基于ICW-RCM的辐射源组合威胁评估

针对传统辐射源威胁评估方法难以直观地给出目标威胁程度以及在实时性、复杂性上的不足,在雷达图法(radar chart method, RCM)的基础上,提出基于改进组合赋权(improved combination weighting, ICW)-RCM的辐射源组合威胁评估算法。组合威胁评估将辐射源威胁等级粗排序和精细排序相结合,根据雷达指标计算雷达工作模式,对辐射源威胁等级进行粗排序,并降低威胁程度低的辐射源任务优先级;基于ICW-RCM,对相同雷达工作模式的辐射源精细化排序,并结合粗排序结果,得到最终的辐射源威胁评估结果。实验仿真与分析表明,该算法具有较好的正确性与有效性,与传统组合赋权雷达图法相比算法复杂度较低、实时性较高、结果更加形象直观。     

某电解铅厂周边农田土壤和玉米中铅污染评价及同位素溯源研究

为探究铅在土壤-玉米-大气中的迁移转化行为,以某电解铅厂周边农田土壤和玉米为研究对象,采集距排烟口50 m、110 m、300 m、500 m、700 m、900 m和3 000 m处的土壤和玉米样品,利用原子吸收光谱仪(AAS)和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)分别测定土壤、玉米和大气样品的铅含量和同位素比值。结果表明:电解铅厂周边的玉米均受到铅的污染,玉米根中的铅主要来自土壤,籽粒中的铅很有可能大部分来自大气,少部分来自土壤,茎中的铅很可能来自土壤而不是叶面传输;籽粒中的铅与叶片中的铅具有显著的相关关系(P0.01),相关方程为y=-0.0002x~2+0.0461x-0.4643,R=0.966 7。