Dielectric relaxation and conduction mechanism in Aurivillius ceramic Bi5Ti3FeO15

For this study, we synthesized Aurivillius Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramic using the generic solid-state reaction route and then performed room-temperature X-ray diffraction to confirm that the compound had a single phase with no impurities. The surface morphology of the prepared sample was observed to contain microstructural grains approximately 0.2–2 μm in size. The dielectric properties of the sample were determ-ined as a function of frequency in a range of approximately 100 Hz to 1 MHz at various temperatures (303 K ≤ T ≤ 773 K). Nyquist plots of the impedance data were found to exhibit a semi-circular arc in the high-temperature region, which is explained by the equivalent electrical circuit (R1C1)(R2QC2), where R1 and R2 represent the resistances associated with the grains and grain boundaries, respectively, C1 and C2 are the re-spective capacitances, and Q is the constant phase element (CPE), which accounts for non-Debye type of behavior. Our results indicate that both the resistance and capacitance of the grain boundaries are more prominent than those of the grains. The alternating current (ac) conductiv-ity data were analyzed based on the Jonscher universal power law, which indicated that the conduction process is dominated by the hopping mechanism. The calculated activation energies of the relaxation and conduction processes were very similar (0.32 to 0.53 eV), from which we conclude that the same type of charge carriers are involved in both processes.     

Effect of Co substitution on the structural,dielectric and optical properties of KBiFe2O5

Cobalt (Co)-modified brownmillerite KBiFe2O5 (KBFO; [KBiFe2(1?x)Co2xO5 (x = 0, 0.05)]) polycrystalline is synthesized following the solid-state reaction route. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data confirmed the phase purity of KBFO and KBiFe1.9Co0.1O5 (KBFCO). The optical bandgap energy (Eg) of KBFO decreased from 1.59 to 1.51 eV because of Co substitution. The decrease in bandgap can be attributed to the tilting of the Fe–O tetrahedral structure of KBFCO. The observed room-temperature Raman peaks of KBFCO shifted by 3 cm?1 toward a lower wavenumber than that of KBFO. The shift in Raman active modes can be attributed to the change in the bond angles and bond lengths of the Fe–O tetrahedral structure and modification in response to oxygen deficiency in KBFO because of Co doping. Compared with that of KBFO, the frequency-dependent dielectric constant and dielectric loss of KBFCO decrease at room temperature, which is a con-sequence of the reduction in oxygen migration and modification in response to vibrational modes present in the sample.     

Corrosion behavior of cold-rolled and post heat-treated 316L stainless steel in 0.9wt%NaCl solution

The effect of cold rolling and post-rolling heat treatment on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of the 316L stainless steel was investigated.Two-pass and four-pass cold-rolled stainless steel specimens were heat-treated by annealing at 900℃followed by quenching in water.During the cold rolling,the microstructure of the as-received specimen transformed from austenite to strain-inducedα′-martensite due to significant plastic deformation that also resulted in significant grain elongation(i.e.,~33%and 223%increases in the grain elongation after two and four rolling passes,respectively).The hardness of the heat-treated as-received specimen decreased from HV 190 to 146 due to the recovery and recrystallization of the austenite grain structure.The cyclic polarization scans of the as-rolled and heat-treated specimens were obtained in 0.9wt%NaCl solution.The pitting potential of the four-pass rolled specimen was significantly increased from 322.3 to 930.5 mV after post-rolling heat treatment.The beneficial effect of the heat treatment process was evident from~10-times-lower corrosion current density and two-orders-of-magnitude-lower passive current density of the heat-treated specimens compared with those of the as-rolled specimens.Similarly,appreciably lower corrosion rate(3.302×10^?4mm/a)and higher pitting resistance(1115.5 mV)were exhibited by the postrolled heat-treated specimens compared with the as-rolled 316L stainless steel specimens.     

欧陆科学哲学的两条路径（英文）

如果你戴上我称为"欧陆式眼镜"的东西,运用欧陆哲学的视角来审视诸如探究、发现、实验、理论和确证等传统的科学哲学问题,某些事物就会以颇为不同的方式呈现,你就会看到新的事物,一切事物会彼此相关并以不同的方式与背景相关。透过欧陆式眼镜的凝视,让你倾向于关注两种事物:第一,那些妨碍你看得更清晰的事物;第二,事物"如何"显现,而非事物是"什么"。该隐喻有某种严重的缺陷,但仍是有用的,因为它提示了审视科学的传统视角与欧陆视角之间的巨大差异。它也能被用于发展"科研平台"这个观念,即科学不仅仅是一组活动,不仅仅是在某种程度上允许我们将之封闭的一组工具、实践和借此形成的知识,而是由诸线条的流动之网构成的,这些线条顺利地与紧密地整合入我们的世界并且塑造了世界的轮廓。我在本文中讨论了欧陆科学哲学的两条可能路径。一条涉及的是"解构性的重演",即对我们继承下来的科学概念(包括传统的分析性概念与海德格尔的"科学不思"的概念)的探究;另一条涉及的是可被称为"回归田野研究"的东西,即仔细地审视科学实践。接受这两条路径,将让欧陆科学哲学唤醒一大片重要的探究领域。忽略这些探究的领域,科学哲学将自食其果。     

超临界CO2气溶胶溶剂萃取法制备尤特奇S100纳米颗粒

采用超临界CO2气溶胶溶剂萃取法(ASES)制备了尤特奇S100(Eudragit S100)纳米粒,考察了有机溶剂的选择、压力、温度、溶液浓度及流速等主要工艺参数对Eudragit S100纳米粒形貌及粒径大小的影响,并采用扫描电镜、傅立叶红外光谱分析对结果进行了表征。结果表明,在以丙酮作为溶剂、压力为16 MPa、温度为45℃、溶液浓度为1 mg/m L的工艺条件下,可制备出有机溶剂残留少、分布均匀、平均粒径为30~60 nm的Eudragit S100纳米颗粒。纳米粒子的平均粒径随温度、压力的升高而减小,随溶液浓度的减小而减小。     

Effect of MWCNT reinforcement on the precipitation-hardening behavior of AA2219

Aluminum alloy matrix composites have found a predominant place in research, and their applications are explored in almost all industries. The aerospace industry has been using precipitation-hardenable alloys in structural applications. However, insufficient literature is available on the influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on precipitation-hardenable alloy composite materials; thus, this work was designed to elucidate the effect on MWCNT reinforcement on AA2219 with and without precipitation hardening. Reinforcement with MWCNTs has been reported to accelerate precipitation and to achieve greater hardness within a much shorter time. The addition of 0.75wt% MWCNTs resulted in maximal hardness at 90 min, which is approximately 27% of improvement over the maximum hardness achieved by the corresponding monolithic alloy after 10 h of aging. The sample reinforced with 0.75wt% MWCNTs showed an improvement of 82% in hardness by solutionizing and aging compared to that achieved by sintering.     

Processing and characterization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061–TiB2 composite

In the present research, aluminum metal matrix composites were processed by the stir casting technique. The effects of TiB2 rein-forcement particles, severe plastic deformation through accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and aging treatment on the microstructural charac-teristics and mechanical properties were also evaluated. Uniaxial tensile tests and microhardness measurements were conducted, and the micro-structural characteristics were investigated. Notably, the important problems associated with cast samples, including nonuniformity of the rein-forcement particles and high porosity content, were solved through the ARB process. At the initial stage, particle-free zones, as well as particle clusters, were observed on the microstructure of the composite. However, after the ARB process, fracturing phenomena occurred in brittle ceramic particles, followed by breaking down of the fragments into fine particles as the number of rolling cycles increased. Subsequently, com-posites with a uniform distribution of particles were produced. Moreover, the tensile strength and microhardness of the ARB-processed com-posites increased with the increase in the reinforcement mass fraction. However, their ductility exhibited a different trend. With post-deforma-tion aging treatment (T6), the mechanical properties of composites were improved because of the formation of fine Mg2Si precipitates.     

基于灰色相似关联关系的灰色变精度粗糙集模型及应用

针对决策信息系统含有大量的灰信息、噪声数据且属性值为区间灰数,而利用传统的方法对其处理时易造成信息损失,鉴于此,本文利用灰色系统理论的思想方法构建了一种新的灰色变精度粗糙集模型。该方法,首先利用灰色相似关联度定义基于阀值λ的灰色相似关联关系、灰色相似关联类,而后以灰色相似关联关系代替灰色变精度粗糙集模型的等价关系,构建了一种基于灰色相似关联度的灰色变精度粗糙集模型,进而研究了模型的相关性质,并以实例验证了新模型的有效性与适用性。     

ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC PRICING SCENARIOS FOR MULTIPLE-GENERATION PRODUCT LINES

In technology-intensive markets,it is a common strategy for companies to develop long-term multiple generation product lines instead of releasing consecutive single products.Even though this strategy is more profitable than sequentially introducing single product generations,it can also result in inter-product line cannibalization.Cannibalization of multiple-generation product lines is a complex problem that needs to be taken into account at the early product line planning stage in order to sustain long-term profitability.In this paper,we propose an agent-based model that can simulate the potential cannibalization scenarios within a multiple-generation product line.We view a multiple-generation product line(MGPL) as complex adaptive system where each product generation in the MGPL adjusts its sales price over time based on the shifts in the market demand.The proposed model provides insights into how various pricing strategies impact the overall lifecycle profitability of MGPL and can be used to assist companies in developing appropriate dynamic pricing strategies at the early product line planning stages.