调合石蜡的相平衡参数和相变动力学特性

使用正规溶液模型的Scatchard-Hildebrand方程对调合石蜡的熔点、浊点以及固-液和组元相变速率进行了计算.以切片石蜡作为被调合石蜡的计算结果表明,烷烃的相变温度和切片石蜡相近时,该烷烃对调合石蜡的熔点、浊点以及相变动力学特性影响较小.增加C22类轻质烷烃的质量分数,调合石蜡的熔点、浊点降低;熔程内较低温度下,轻质烷烃相变速率变慢,重质烷烃相变速率变快.增加C35类重质烷烃的质量分数,调合石蜡的浊点升高,熔点呈现复杂的变化,对C24以下烷烃的相变速率几乎没有影响,C25以上烷烃在熔程内较低温度下相变速率变慢.计算结果可以为相变储能中选用具有适当相变温度及相变动力学特性的调合石蜡提供指导.     

Making continental crust: The sanukitoid connection

The average continental crust possesses intermediate compositions that typify arc magmatism and as a result it is believed to have been created at ancient convergent plate boundaries. One possible mechanism for intermediate continental crust formation is the direct production of andesitic melts in the upper mantle. Sanukitoids, which characterize the Setouchi volcanic belt, SW Japan, include unusually high-Mg andesites （HMA）. They were generated by slab melting and subsequent melt-mantle interactions under unusual tectonic settings such as where warm lithosphere subducts into hot upper mantle. Such conditions would have existed in the Archean. Hydrous HMA magmas are likely to have solidified within the crust to form HMA plutons, which were then remelted to produce differentiated sanukitoids. At present, generation and differentiation of HMA magmas may be taking place in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc-trench system （IBM）, because （1） HMA magmatism characterizes the initial stages of the IBM evolution and （2） the IBM middle crust exhibits Vp identical to that of the bulk conti- nental crust. Vp estimates for plutonic rocks with HMA compositions support this. However tonalitic composition for middle-crust-forming rocks cannot be ruled out, suggesting an alternative possibility that the continental crust has been created by differentiation of mantle-derived basaltic magmas.     

Phase transition in the subducted oceanic lithosphere and generation of the subduction zone magma

Two metamorphic processes, i.e. subsolidus dehydration and partial melting occurring in MORB, metasediments and peridotite of subducted oceanic lithosphere are discussed on the basis of available experimental work and phase equilibrium modeling. Phase diagrams of hydrous MORB show that in most cold subduction P-T （pressure-temperature） regimes a large portion of water in the basic layer has released below the onset of blueschist facies （〈 20 km）, and at a depth （60--70 km） of transition from lawsonite blueschist to lawsonite eclogite facies through glaucophane dehydration; only a smaller portion of water will escape from the slab through dehydration of lawsonite and chloritoid in the depth range suitable for arc magma formation; and a very small portion of water stored in lawsonite and phengite will fade into the deeper mantle. The role of amphibole for arc magma formation is still arguable. In cold subduction P-Tregimes, the dehydration of chlorite and talc in AI-poor metasediments, and chloritoid and carpholite in AI-rich metapelites at a depth around 80--100 km will make some con- tributions to the formation of arc magma. Comparatively, dehydration of serpentine in hydrated peri- dotite occurs at depths of 120--180 km, playing an important role in the arc magmatism. Subduction of oceanic crust along warm P-T regimes will cross the solidi at a depth over 80 km, resulting in partial melting under fluid-saturated and fluid-absent conditions in the metasediments involving biotite and phengite, and in the basic rocks involving epidote and amphibole. The melt compositions of the basic crust are adakitic at pressures 〈 3.0 GPa, but become peraluminous granitic at higher pressures.     

Analysis of contact melting around a horizontal elliptical cylinder heat source

The process of AT-driven contact melting of the solid phase change material （PCM） around a horizontal elliptical cylinder heat source is analyzed. Aiming at the problem existed in the published literature, namely the thickness of boundary layer tends to be infinite at φ = 90°, and considering the difference of normal angle between the horizontal elliptical cylinder surface and the solid-liquid interface of PCM, a new mathematic model is proposed, and the fundamental equations for the melting process are derived with the film theory. The new pressure distribution inside the boundary layer, the variation law of normal angle of the solid-liquid interface, the thickness of the boundary layer and the relationship between the melting velocity and resultant force are obtained. The solutions of the fundamental equations under different elliptical compression coefficients are analyzed and discussed. It is found that the thickness of the boundary layer obtained by the new model is a finite value and accords with the experimental result at φ = 90°.     

烧结矿粘结相的熔化特性

以高碱度烧结矿中的铁酸盐粘结相为研究对象,考察了粘结相的熔化特性随粘结相组成的变化规律.通过试验探讨了不同nCaO∶nFe2O3以及不同的w(Mg),w(MgO2),w(SiO2)和w(Al2O3)铁酸盐粘结相的熔化特性.结果表明,nCaO∶nFe2O3=1∶1时,粘结相的熔化温度最低,熔化时间最短;添加MgO粘结相的熔化温度升高,熔化时间变长;当w(SiO2)或w(Al2O3)为3%时,粘结相的熔化温度最低,熔化最快.     

脉冲激光表面熔凝熔池演变数值模拟

为了研究脉冲激光作用过程中表面快速熔化与凝固的过程,建立了脉冲激光作用熔池金属熔凝的二维热流耦合模型．考虑重力、材料物性随温度的变化等的影响,利用焓-多孔度方法和用户自定义函数对表面熔化凝固的固液相界面演化进行了分析;采用熔化／凝固模型对熔池内的瞬态温度场、速度场和流场进行了数值模拟,并以实验验证模拟结果．计算结果表明：表面熔化与凝固的固液相界面的移动呈现不同状态;在熔凝过程中,熔池内除存在一对方向相反的主环流外,还存在多个环流;流体的速度随着温度的降低而减小且速度最大的区域位于熔池表面附近．     

基于LS-SVM的电炉钢水温度预测

通过对LS-SVM的参数进行优选,使所建模型具有较强的拟合和预测能力．针对某厂实际生产数据,运用LS-SVM建立钢水温度预测模型,拟合和预测结果良好,表明该模型对实际生产具有指导意义．     

焦炭在碱金属负荷条件下对炉料熔滴性能的影响

通过模拟炼铁高炉内炉料的熔滴过程,研究了焦炭在不同碱金属负荷下对熔滴过程的影响.对不同碱金属负荷与炉料的最大压差Δpmax和熔滴总特性值S的关系进行了分析.研究发现焦炭影响炉料熔滴性能主要是由于碱金属对其熔损反应的催化作用造成的.由扫描电镜观察到熔滴反应后的焦炭形貌可知,随着碱金属负荷的增加,其表面的气孔增多,气孔变大,焦炭表面被侵蚀得越来越严重,最终焦炭强度下降,甚至崩裂,最终影响到炉料的熔滴性能,使Δpmax,S值指标变差.     

大尺寸磷酸盐激光钕玻璃批量制备技术研发及应用

为满足神光装置发展和未来国家专项工程对大尺寸激光玻璃的大量需求,上海光学精密机械研究所研发了以磷酸盐激光钕玻璃连续熔炼技术为核心的大尺寸激光钕玻璃批量制备技术.大尺寸磷酸盐激光钕玻璃批量制备技术是全新的工艺技术,先后攻克了除杂质、动态除羟基、除铂颗粒、小流量大尺寸成型、隧道窑退火过程玻璃易炸裂以及包边和性能检测等一系列关键单元技术,激光玻璃的所有指标包括荧光寿命、光学损耗、光学均匀性、包边剩余反射率等均达到神光装置的使用要求.使中国成为继美国之后第二个拥有大尺寸激光钕玻璃批量制造能力的国家.采用该技术已成功研制了一千多片米级尺寸N31型激光钕玻璃,并且应用于我国的神光系列装置,在中国工程物理研究院实现了1 053 nm激光波长5 ns脉冲宽度单束能量19.6 kJ激光输出.采用本技术研制的激光钕玻璃在国防、强场激光科技前沿、激光加工和医疗领域都得到推广应用.     

选区激光熔化Al-Mg-Sc系高强铝合金的研究进展

选区激光熔化（Selective laser melting,SLM）技术具有一体化快速制备复杂和高精度零件的能力,在航空航天等工业生产中有巨大的发展潜力。高强铝合金是近年来在增材制造领域发展迅速,可实现结构轻量化的重要材料,其中Al-Mg-Sc系高强铝合金在结构和性能方面具有极大的潜力。本文针对增材制造领域Al-Mg-Sc系高强铝合金的应用与发展,结合增材制造工艺技术,从增材制造高强铝合金合金成分,微观组织和力学性能三个方面,全面总结了增材制造Al-Mg-Sc系高强铝合金的研究现状和进展趋势。在增材制造高强Al-Mg-Sc合金领域内,我们应当重点关注强化元素的多元化、SLM成形合金微观组织调控以及性能特征的多元化研究等方向,作为我们重点关注与发展的方向。