landscape Changes in Wenchuan—A Mountainous County in Sichuan, China

Based on the collection of land use maps of three repre sentative years (1972, 1986 and 1995) with a scale of 1 = 100 000, which were derived from interpreted aerial photographs and field surveys, landscape pattern were studied in Wenchuan County of Aba Prefecture, northwest of Sichuan Province, China, Six land use categories were classified according to the actuality of the study area and digitized by manual with the assistance of Geographic Information System (GIS). Landscape spatial and temporal changes were analyzed quanti ficationally by a series of structure, shape, pattern indices, which indicated that grassland dominates in number of patch while both grassland and shrub-land dominate in total area of patch over time. During the last 23 years, the fractal dimension of grassland and shrub-land were decreased while the other types were increased. Highest dominance and fragmentation and lowest diversity characterized the landscape of 1972. In 1986, the landscape pattern had the highest diversity and lowest dominance and fragmentation, which is contrary to the pattern in 1972, Slight change of diversity, dominance and fragmentation has been displayed from 1986 to 1995.     

“卡特里娜”飓风带给我们的启示

地球变暖带来的降水量变化日趋明显 地球变暖的加剧，带来了降水量的增加，而降水量的增加往往与一些灾害有着直接的联系，比如侵袭美国的“卡特里娜”飓风以及登陆日本的14号台风，所以搞清楚地球变暖带来的降水量变化情况至关重要。此次，日本国立环境研究所组成的研究小组通过仿真模拟试验揭示了降水量的变化情况及其机制。     

论信息环境变化下的高校图书馆信息服务工作

论述当前信息环境变化的新特点，分析这一变化给高校图书馆信息服务工作带来的新要求和新问题，并针对这些新问题，提出改进信息服务工作的新举措。     

陕西省人均粮食与人均耕地变化研究

对陕西省人均粮食及人均耕地变化进行了时空差异分析,结果表明:(1)近50余年的绝大多数年份为人均粮食占有量的递增期,且不同时段的增幅不同;粮食增长率大于人口增长率的时期,对应人均粮食的增长时期;(2)1978—1998年绝大多数地、市人均粮食递增,且地域差异明显;(3)近50多年来全省耕地面积总体逐年递减,近10年来减少之势加剧;同期人口数量的持续增长,造成人均耕地面积急剧减少.相关回归分析显示:各地、市人均粮食绝对增量与其相对增量之间呈正相关,人均粮食增加量占粮食增量的份额整体偏低;提高粮食生产水平及控制人口是增加全省人均粮食占有量的重要途径.     

西安东郊和蓝田偏白村剖面黄土含水量研究

通过对蓝田县偏白村和西安东郊刘家坡黄土剖面的观测和含水量的测定,研究了黄土含水量变化.结果表明,偏白村黄土地层与刘家坡黄土地层中含水量代表了两种不同的变化类型,偏白村黄土层含水量高,红色古土壤层含水量低;刘家坡黄土层含水量低,红色古土壤含量高.黄土层比红色古土壤层更利于地下水富集,黄土层为含水层,红色古土壤层为隔水层.黄土、古土壤含水性与含水量和古气候密切相关.     

利用空间大地测量技术研究地球动力学最新进展

空间大地测量以高精度，高时空分辨率测定地球整体（地球自转）和各圈层（特别是大气，海洋与地壳）的运动，使地球动态变化的监测，研究及应用呈现了崭新的面貌，本文介绍了近年来国际地球动力学最新发展概况，内容包括地壳运动，地球自转，重力场时间变化等。     

略述丁日昌外交思想的成因

丁日昌的外交思想形成于19世纪60～70年代。这对中国外交的近代化起了很大的推动作用。其内容有:坚守条约的和平外交思想,“自强为本”的实力外交思想,“遣使设领”、“保护华侨”以及主张实行“均势外交”的外交策略等等。从三方面对丁日昌外交思想的成因作一略述。     

大连市区大气中PAHs来源、分布及随季节变化分析

多环芳烃PAHs是公认危害性最大的大气污染物，研究其在城市大气中的分布、季节变化及对其来源的识别判定可为PAHs污染防治提供科学依据。以大连市为例，分析了PAHs在市区大气中的分布，揭示了不同季节的浓度变化规律，对大气中的PAHs的来源进行了判别。结果表明，大连市区大气中的PAHs主要分布在交通繁华区和工业区；冬季浓度明显高于夏季；冬季污染主要来源于燃煤取暖，夏季为机动车尾气和燃煤的混合。     

中国西部绿化对东亚季风气候影响的数值模拟

中国西部大开发战略中的生态环境建设将在西部地区引起显著的地表覆盖变化。根据最新的全球地表特征数据库资料和21世纪初中国西部生态环境三大重点建设工程的具体规划，得出两种植被，即现实植被和虚拟植被。并利用RIEMS—TEA模式，通过一次敏感性试验，发现西部地区绿化明显影响东亚的季风系统和中国东部季风区气候。模拟试验显示，中国西部绿化会明显增强东亚夏季风，这将会加强中国东部由南向北的水汽输送，并有利于输送邻近海洋的水汽到大陆，使得中国大陆东部季风区整体出现降温、增湿和降水增加。而且，温度、湿度、气压和风速受影响的程度在垂直方向上都已超出了边界层之外。     

Temperature variations on the Tibetan Plateau over the last two millennia

The paleoclimate data recovered from ice cores,tree rings and lake sediments indicate regional features of cfimatic change on the Tibeta n Plateau (TP) during the last 2000 years. The composite temperature reconstructions in-dicate that several main climatic episodes, such as the “LittleIce Age“ between 1400 and 1900, the “Medieval Warm Pe-riod“ in 1150-1400, a less warm period in 800-1100, and an earlier cold period between the 3rd and 5th centuries,occurred in the TP. In addition, temperature varied from region to region. The period from AD 800 to 1100, which waswarm in northeastern TP, was contemporaneous with cool-ing in the western and southern TP. The southern TP ex-perienced warming between 1150 and 1400. For western TP,the δ^18O records of the Guliya ice core indicate that the pe-Hod 1250-1500 witnessed a clear warming. Large-scaletrends in the temperature history from northeastern TP aremore similar to those in eastern China than are the trendsfrom the Guliya ice cap far to the west and southern TP. The most prominent similarities between the temperature varia-tions of the TP and eastern China are such cold phases as 1100-1150, 1500-1550, 1650-1700 and 1800-1850, andthe latter three cold events match with three widespreadg lacial advances which occurred on the TP during the Little Ice A2e.