基于数据挖掘技术的交通事故分析与研究

自塔克拉玛干沙漠公路1995年全线通车以来,由于塔里木石油公路特殊的交通环境,交通事故不断发生,并且有逐年增长的趋势,道路交通事故甚至特大恶性交通事故时有发生,对人们的生命财产安全构成了严重的威胁。由于沙漠地区特殊的自然环境条件,道路交通事故系统的复杂性也在逐渐增强,传统的分析、预防方法已呈现其局限性。为克服事故数据库中数据多维、稀疏、不全等的不利影响,有效地识别和发现沙漠环境下的事故数据的新模式及其内在规律,提出我们应用数据挖掘技术全面整理、分析塔里木石油公路的交通事故的思想,并结合数据挖掘实现的方法和应用实例进行具体阐述,以期为塔里木石油公路安全管理提供科学的决策依据。     

Natural variation for sulfate content in Arabidopsis thaliana is highly controlled by APR2

Most agronomic traits of importance, whether physiological (such as nutrient use efficiency) or developmental (such as flowering time), are controlled simultaneously by multiple genes and their interactions with the environment. Here, we show that variation in sulfate content between wild Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Bay-0 and Shahdara is controlled by a major quantitative trait locus that results in a strong interaction with nitrogen availability in the soil. Combining genetic and biochemical results and using a candidate gene approach, we have cloned the underlying gene, showing how a single-amino acid substitution in a key enzyme of the assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway, adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate reductase, is responsible for a decrease in enzyme activity, leading to sulfate accumulation in the plant. This work illustrates the potential of natural variation as a source of new alleles of known genes, which can aid in the study of gene function and metabolic pathway regulation. Our new insights on sulfate assimilation may have an impact on sulfur fertilizer use and stress defense improvement.     

Computational protein function prediction: Are we making progress?

The computational prediction of gene and protein function is rapidly gaining ground as a central undertaking in computational biology. Making sense of the flood of genomic data requires fast and reliable annotation. Many ingenious algorithms have been devised to infer a protein's function from its amino acid sequence, 3D structure and chromosomal location of the encoding genes. However, there are significant challenges in assessing how well these programs perform. In this article we explore those challenges and review our own attempt at assessing the performance of those programs. We conclude that the task is far from complete and that a critical assessment of the performance of function prediction programs is necessary to make true progress in computational function prediction.     

浅谈建筑CAD的教学与运用

自20世纪70年代以来，一种全新的计算机辅助设计（CAD）技术发展十分迅速，这是一种以计算机图形学为基础，涉及工程分析、数据管理与数据交换、文档处理、以及软件设计等方面的综合性新技术，成为一种用计算机系统辅助人们对产品或工程设计进行显示、修改、输出的一种新的设计方法。80年代初，它已发展成为工程设计界实用的工具；目前它在世界范围内得到了相当广泛的普及和应用。     

Mutations in the gene encoding the basal body protein RPGRIP1L, a nephrocystin-4 interactor, cause Joubert syndrome

Protein-protein interaction analyses have uncovered a ciliary and basal body protein network that, when disrupted, can result in nephronophthisis (NPHP), Leber congenital amaurosis, Senior-L?ken syndrome (SLSN) or Joubert syndrome (JBTS). However, details of the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders remain poorly understood. RPGRIP1-like protein (RPGRIP1L) is a homolog of RPGRIP1 (RPGR-interacting protein 1), a ciliary protein defective in Leber congenital amaurosis. We show that RPGRIP1L interacts with nephrocystin-4 and that mutations in the gene encoding nephrocystin-4 (NPHP4) that are known to cause SLSN disrupt this interaction. RPGRIP1L is ubiquitously expressed, and its protein product localizes to basal bodies. Therefore, we analyzed RPGRIP1L as a candidate gene for JBTS and identified loss-of-function mutations in three families with typical JBTS, including the characteristic mid-hindbrain malformation. This work identifies RPGRIP1L as a gene responsible for JBTS and establishes a central role for cilia and basal bodies in the pathophysiology of this disorder.     

Mutations in amphiphysin 2 (BIN1) disrupt interaction with dynamin 2 and cause autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy

Centronuclear myopathies are characterized by muscle weakness and abnormal centralization of nuclei in muscle fibers not secondary to regeneration. The severe neonatal X-linked form (myotubular myopathy) is due to mutations in the phosphoinositide phosphatase myotubularin (MTM1), whereas mutations in dynamin 2 (DNM2) have been found in some autosomal dominant cases. By direct sequencing of functional candidate genes, we identified homozygous mutations in amphiphysin 2 (BIN1) in three families with autosomal recessive inheritance. Two missense mutations affecting the BAR (Bin1/amphiphysin/RVS167) domain disrupt its membrane tubulation properties in transfected cells, and a partial truncation of the C-terminal SH3 domain abrogates the interaction with DNM2 and its recruitment to the membrane tubules. Our results suggest that mutations in BIN1 cause centronuclear myopathy by interfering with remodeling of T tubules and/or endocytic membranes, and that the functional interaction between BIN1 and DNM2 is necessary for normal muscle function and positioning of nuclei.     

课外阅读在汉语教学中的重要性及其方法

语言教学的最终目的是培养学生运用语言交际的能力,要培养学生的语言能力,只能依赖于丰富的语言积累,而语言的积累主要依赖于大量的阅读。大量的阅读仅靠课堂是不够的,这就需要加大学生的课外阅读量。本文就自己的教学实践来谈在汉语教学中如何加大课外阅读量。