太原道路施工养护机具及新技术、新工艺的发展

新中国成立60年来,太原市的城市面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化。城市道路总长度由解放初期不足30km发展到现在的道路800多条,长度近700km,桥梁100多座,雨污水管线1500多条,长度约600km,污水净化厂6座(工业废水净化厂两座)。     

武器装备采办分层次竞争机制研究

武器装备的供给应着力于构建"寡头主导、大中小企业分层竞争"的产业组织结构。采办方应设计最优的主承包招标机制,以促进各寡头企业之间的投标竞争,从而实现最佳采办效益。武器装备采办的分层次竞争不完全取决于采办方的竞争意愿,其还要受到武器装备供给企业的产权安排、军民融合程度、纵向一体化及采办代理人制度等多种因素的影响。     

Microstructure evolution of T91 heat-resistant steels after long-time aging

To investigate the evolution of microstructure damage degree and the precipitated phases of heat-resistant metal in power plant under high temperature and stress environment, the high-temperature aging tests were conducted to investigate the aging behavior of T91 steel at different temperatures and stress. The optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the structure and precipitated phases, the results showed that the orientation characteristics of tempered martensite was dispersed, and the grain size is obviously increased. The density of dislocation decreased with increasing temperature and stress. The important strengthening phase of M23C6 (M=Fe, Cr) was coarsened by the diffusion of main alloying elements Cr, while the smaller size MX (M=Nb,V; X=C, N) phase distributed in the grain is relatively stable in the aging.     

高职英语教学中开设英语影视赏析课的探索

从激发学生的学习兴趣、及时获取时代感强的日常用语、树立正确的情感态度和价值观以及充分发挥教师的主导作用入手,剖析在高职英语教学中开设英语影视赏析课的必要性,并从课前准备、影视欣赏、赏后分析三个阶段对教学方法进行初步探讨。     

Interspecific differences in early life‐history traits in crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies,Caudata, Salamandridae) from the Balkan Peninsula

We studied intraspecific and interspecific variations of early life‐history traits for four crested newt species with different habitat preferences. Although we found considerable variation in size and growth rate between offspring of conspecific females, the species effect appeared to be much more pronounced. The crested newt species we examined differed in egg size, size of larvae at hatching and growth rate. Triturus dobrogicus appeared to be the outlier species among these species, and showed (1) the smallest egg size, (2) the smallest larval size at hatching and (3) the longest larval period, resulting in the largest metamorphosed juveniles.     

基层图书馆可持续发展的人力资源管理模式

人力资源是知识经济时代最重要的战略资源,图书馆人力资源的开发与管理是基层图书馆可持续发展诸因素中最重要、最根本的因素。阐述了图书馆人力资源管理的概念及原则,分析了基层图书馆人力资源的现状,提出了相应的可持续发展的人力资源管理模式。     

A decision rule to minimize daily capital charges in forecasting value‐at‐risk

Under the Basel II Accord, banks and other authorized deposit‐taking institutions (ADIs) have to communicate their daily risk estimates to the monetary authorities at the beginning of the trading day, using a variety of value‐at‐risk (VaR) models to measure risk. Sometimes the risk estimates communicated using these models are too high, thereby leading to large capital requirements and high capital costs. At other times, the risk estimates are too low, leading to excessive violations, so that realized losses are above the estimated risk. In this paper we analyze the profit‐maximizing problem of an ADI subject to capital requirements under the Basel II Accord as ADIs have to choose an optimal VaR reporting strategy that minimizes daily capital charges. Accordingly, we suggest a dynamic communication and forecasting strategy that responds to violations in a discrete and instantaneous manner, while adapting more slowly in periods of no violations. We apply the proposed strategy to Standard & Poor's 500 Index and show there can be substantial savings in daily capital charges, while restricting the number of violations to within the Basel II penalty limits. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

从皇权依附到集团依附——论汉末士风对政治结构的影响

＂人的觉醒＂是汉末士风变化的基本特点。然而,汉末＂人的觉醒＂,并未完全回归到先秦之士＂志于道＂的政治超越的精神状态,而带有强烈的政治依附性,只不过这种依附由汉鼎盛时期所表现出的强烈的皇权依附逐步向集团依附转化。这种士风的变化,始于党锢集团对皇权依附意识的解构,从而形成汉灵帝中平元年以后至建安时期皇权依附意识与集团依附意识的互动,正是这两种意识的互动深刻地影响了汉末政治结构的变化———皇权逐渐傀儡化,皇权专制逐渐让位于集团专制,并最终导致旧皇权的消亡与新皇权的产生。     

A Study of Value‐at‐Risk Based on M‐Estimators of the Conditional Heteroscedastic Models

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a class of M‐estimators for both symmetric and asymmetric conditional heteroscedastic models in the prediction of value‐at‐risk. The class of estimators includes the least absolute deviation (LAD), Huber's, Cauchy and B‐estimator, as well as the well‐known quasi maximum likelihood estimator (QMLE). We use a wide range of summary statistics to compare both the in‐sample and out‐of‐sample VaR estimates of three well‐known stock indices. Our empirical study suggests that in general Cauchy, Huber and B‐estimator have better performance in predicting one‐step‐ahead VaR than the commonly used QMLE. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.