The expression of morphine-induced behavioral sensitization depends more on treatment regimen and environmental novelty than on conditioned drug effects

Both conditioned responses (CRs) and sensitized behaviors induced by addictive drugs are considered to reflect drug-seeking motivation. Based on an excitatory conditioning model of behavioral sensitization, this work hypothesizes that conditioned locomotor activity and locomotor sensitization concomitantly occur using different drug treatment regimens. In the present study, conditioned locomotor activity and sensitized locomotion and stereotypy are assessed with pretreatment of two doses of morphine in a familiar or novel environment. When rats are trained with morphine (3 or 5 mg/kg) in an environment to which the animals are habituated, a CR but not contextual sensitization is induced when tested after 1 week of abstinence. When rats receive the 5 mg/kg dose of morphine immediately after placement into a novel environment, the same results are obtained, but when the drug dose is decreased to 3 mg/kg, both the CR and contextual sensitization are observed. Therefore, the sensitized behaviors, rather than the CR produced by morphine pretreatment, appear to be dependent on the drug treatment regimen and environmental novelty, suggesting that different mechanisms may be involved in the expression of the CR and contextual sensitization.     

基于径向基函数神经网络的胎儿心电提取

针对胎儿心电难以提取问题,提出一种从母体腹壁混合信号中提取胎儿心电的方法.利用径向基函数(radial basis function,RBF)神经网络估计母体心电信号传导至腹壁的非线性变换,将非线性变换后的母体心电信号从腹壁混合信号中减去,再通过小波包去噪技术抑制胎儿心电的基线漂移和噪声,得到清晰的胎儿心电.应用临床心电数据完成实验,在胎儿心电和母体心电QRS波完全重叠情况下,提取出清晰的胎儿心电.实验结果验证了方法的有效性.     

熔融法制备盐酸二甲双胍缓释片及其稳定性考察

目的:制备盐酸二甲双胍缓释片并考察其稳定性.方法:以十八醇为骨架材料,采用熔融法制备盐酸二甲双胍缓释片,以体外释放度为评价指标,正交试验设计优化处方,并对制剂进行稳定性考察.结果:十八醇用量和加热温度显著影响盐酸二甲双胍释药速率.优化处方下制备的缓释片体外释放曲线10h内符合Higuchi方程,24个月内主药含量、释放度、有关物质及其他检查项目未见明显变化.结论:通过使用适量十八醇,可获得具有理想释药行为的盐酸二甲双胍缓释片,该制剂稳定性良好.     

“可表演性”的“守”与“弃”——苏珊·巴斯奈特戏剧翻译观剖析

"可表演性"作为戏剧翻译的准则是西方戏剧翻译研究的一个核心问题。围绕苏珊·巴斯奈特在"可表演性"问题上的立场变化,剖析了巴斯奈特戏剧翻译观的形成过程、前后主张以及立场变化原因,力图揭示巴斯奈特戏剧翻译观的构建基础、理论缺陷以及对中国译学理论研究的启示意义。     

Large-scale synthesis of nickel sulfide micro/nanorods via a hydrothermal process

Rhombohedral-phase NiS micro/nanorods were synthesized on a large scale through a hydrothermal method using NiCl₂·6H₂O and thiourea crystals as starting precursors. Recrystallized thiourea was observed to play an important role in the formation of micro/nanosized rods and flower-like structures. The molar ratio and reaction temperature of the precursors influenced the morphology and phase of NiS products. Pure rhombohedral NiS micro/nanorods were obtained on a large scale when the molar ratio between NiCl₂·6H₂O and thiourea crystals was fixed at 2:1, and the mixture was heated at 250℃ for 5 h. Flower-like NiS nanostructures were formed when the molar ratio between NiCl₂·6H₂O and thiourea crystals was maintained at 1:1. The Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the as-prepared rhombohedral NiS micro/nanorods were collected, and their magnetic properties were investigated. The results showed that the FTIR absorption peaks of the as-prepared product are located at 634 cm-1 and their Raman peaks are located at 216 and 289 cm-1; the as-prepared NiS micro/nanorods exhibited weak ferromagnetic behavior due to the size effect.     

人体前臂组织各向异性的人体通信信道模型

人体前臂是一个近似的圆柱体结构,由组织包裹组成。这些组织有的各向同性,如皮肤,脂肪;有的各向异性,如肌肉等。它们对人体电流信号的传播与分布有着极大的影响,特别是肌肉组织。应用麦克斯韦方程,结合人体组织特性和准静态条件下的边界条件,在柱坐标系下建立了基于人体组织特性的信道模型。用该模型,结合人体组织各向特性的电参数(肌肉),在MATLAB2010a上分别计算出具有组织特性的信道模型和不具有组织特性的信道模型的结果。然后与在人体右前臂测量得到的数据相比较,发现加入组织特性的信道模型的增益曲线与实验数据保持高度一致,模型的平均误差比各向同性的信道模型误差下降了2%,最大误差也下降了3%,进一步降低了模型的失真率。     

香根草对镉胁迫的光合响应

以香根草当年实生分蘖苗为研究对象,研究了不同质量分数外源镉(0mg/kg,2mg/kg,20mg/kg和80mg/kg)对香根草生物量、色素质量分数、净光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数的影响.研究结果表明:①镉胁迫50d时,2mg/kg,20mg/kg和80mg/kg的镉处理对香根草的净光合速率Pn,ΦPSⅡ,ETR和qP均有促进作用,尤其是20mg/kg镉处理促进作用最强;但对生物量、光合素质量分数、Fv/Fm影响不大.②镉胁迫100d时,净光合速率Pn在镉质量分数为2mg/kg,20mg/kg时上升,80mg/kg时显著下降;ΦPSⅡ,ETR和qP均受到抑制,但只有在80mg/kg时显著下降.本研究表明香根草具有较高的镉耐性,可长时间适应低质量分数镉胁迫,甚至是短时间的高质量分数镉胁迫.     

对苯二酚单一甲基化的密度泛函理论与实验

采用B3LYP交换相关势和6—31G（d，P）基组，通过密度泛函理论（DFT），在Tomasi＇s PCM模式下对对苯二酚与硫酸二酯反应生成对羟基苯甲醚的反应物、中间体和产物的结构进行了优化，并分别计算了其电荷密度分布、重叠集居数和单点能，确定了过渡态结构和反应机理．根据计算选择了合适的反应祭件进行合成，实验结果能控制主产物（单一甲基化产物）与主要副产物（双甲基化产物）的比率在1：0．16，与理论计算吻合较好．     

巴马香猪无细胞真皮与人无细胞真皮动物移植实验效果的比较

目的：比较辐照巴马香猪无细胞真皮与辐照人无细胞真皮移植动物实验效果.方法：以机械去表皮法制备无细胞真皮与人无细胞真皮辐照（剂量30 KGy）处理后移植于W istar大鼠全厚皮肤缺损创面进行比较.结果：辐照处理的巴马香猪无细胞真皮与人无细胞真皮在大鼠创面愈合过程相似,愈合后创面收缩率差异不显著.结论：辐照处理的巴马香猪无细胞真皮与辐照处理的人无细胞真皮移植于W istar大鼠全厚皮肤缺损创面恢复效果无显著差异,可作为人无细胞真皮的替代品进一步用于烧伤治疗的研究.     

构建效率、公平双赢的和谐社会

公平与效率反映了一个社会的稳定性参数和发展性参数。我们构建和谐社会的目标应在效率与公平双赢中得以实现。文章试图从公平与效率的关系;由“效率优先、兼顾公平”向“效率与公平双赢”的过渡,是中国分配原则必然走向;和谐社会的构建呼唤全面的公平观和整体的效率观,实现效率与公平的双赢;公共政策诉诸于干预:促进效率与公平双赢等方面进行阐述。