水相介质中超声处理高链玉米淀粉糊性质的变化

研究了超声波处理前后高链玉米淀粉的糊特性变化。采用超声波对含水量70％的高链玉米淀粉进行处理,运用布拉本德粘度仪以及旋转粘度计对处理前后的淀粉糊性质进行研究。结果表明随着超声功率的增大,起糊温度没有变化,峰值粘度降低,C型Brabender粘度曲线没有改变;超声处理使淀粉糊的冷稳定性增强、凝沉性减弱。不同超声功率处理的高链玉米淀粉糊均为假塑性流体;超声处理的高链玉米淀粉糊表观粘度随剪切速率的升高而降低,随着体系浓度增高,剪切稀化增强;超声处理的淀粉糊其触变性随超声功率的增大而减小。     

马铃薯不同基因型直链淀粉含量比较分析

分离提取了126个马铃薯品种(系)基因型的块茎内源淀粉，用Hovenkamp-Hermelink J．H．M的方法测定了其直链淀粉含量，用ANOVA比较分析了块茎成熟期基因型和品种基因型的直链淀粉含量，其基本结论是品种基因型间直链淀粉含量存在极显著差异，而成熟期基因型间直链淀粉含量不存在差异，该结论为淀粉品质改良提供基本依据和数据。     

藕淀粉特性的研究

就藕根茎淀粉的分子结构形状及其理化特性进行了研究。结果表明碘亲和力测定的藕直链淀粉含量为15．9％,蓝色值法为17．4％,开始凝胶化温度为58．5℃,淀粉颗粒与木薯淀粉、大米淀粉等有类似的性质,可作为此类淀粉制品的替代品。     

大豆DNA导入后的稻米粗蛋白与直链淀粉含量的相关性

以大豆为外源ＤＮＡ 供体,采用浸种及幼苗期浇灌法和花粉管通道法直接将大豆总ＤＮＡ 导入受体水稻,经常规栽培获得水稻后代种子⒚采用微量凯氏定氮法和Ｊｕｌｉａｎｏ 法分析水稻后代种子糙米的粗蛋白含量和直链淀粉含量,并对两者进行相关分析⒚结果显示：糙米的粗蛋白含量和直链淀粉含量呈负相关关系,相关系数ｒ＝ － ０．７６２,达极显著水平⒚由此推测将大豆ＤＮＡ导入水稻培育高蛋白稻米的同时,可降低稻米的直链淀粉含量,从而达到改良稻米食味品质的目的     

Introduction of antisense waxy gene into main parent lines of indica hybrid rice

Amylose content in rice endosperm is one of thekey determinants of rice eating and cooking quality, and thepoor quality of indica hybrid rice is closely related to thehigh amylose level in rice grains. In order to improve thegrain quality of the indica hybrid rice by genetic engineering,an antisense fragment of rice waxy gene, driven by theintroduced into three major parent lines of indica hybrid rice,all contain a high amylose level in the grains, via Agrobacte-rium, and more than 100 hygromycin-resistant plants wereregenerated. The analysis of PCR amplification and South-ern blots indicated that the T-DNA containing the antisensewaxy gene had been integrated into the genome of transgenicrice plants. Most of the primary transgenic rice plants grewnormally, and the mature seeds from these transgenic plantswere performed for analysis of the amylose content. Theresults showed that the amylose content in the endosperm ofsome grains was reduced and the lowest reached 7.02% inone homozygous transgenic line, 72.4% lower than that ofthe wild type. The influence of the altered amylose contenton the gelatinization temperature and gel consistency wasalso observed in several homozygous transgenic rice plants.     

湿热处理对不同直链含量的玉米淀粉性质的影响

以普通玉米淀粉和高链玉米淀粉(Hylon Ⅴ和Hylon Ⅶ)为研究对象,考察了湿热处理前后其抗性淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、热力学性能、膨胀度及消化性等性质的变化.结果表明:湿热处理后3种玉米淀粉的抗性淀粉含量和直链淀粉含量均有所提高;湿热处理提高了3种淀粉的糊化温度和糊化焓,使糊化变得困难;湿热处理后偏光十字没有消失,...