Potential release of hydrogen fluoride from domestic coal in endemic fluorosis area in Guizhou,China

Almost half of the total rural area of Guizhou Province and many regions within the 11 adjacent provinces in southwestern China have a long history(at least 70 years) of endemic fluorosis,including dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis along with its associated deformities and disabilities.Over decades of research,this specific type of endemic fluorosis has been defined as coal-burning fluorosis,which is distinct from drinking-water fluorosis.It is generally acknowledged that indoor burning and combustion of high-fluorine coal leads to food contamination,and fluorine then enters the human body.However,the exact chemical form of fluorine during its release and transfer to the body is still unknown.In the present study,21 domestic coal samples from outcrop and semi-outcrop coal collected in five villages with fluorosis were analyzed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(TOF-SIMS).The total mass fraction of sulfur in the samples ranged from 0.24%-5.58% and total fluorine content ranged 90.2-149.2 mg/kg.H3O+,H2SO4+ and HSO4-were detected in the samples by TOF-SIMS,which indicated that sulfuric acid hydrate(H2SO4.H2O) was present in the samples.F-was detected in all of these,which suggested the samples contain ionic fluorine compounds.Under certain circumstances,such as heating or burning,the prevalence and coexistence of the acid(H2SO4.H2O) and base(F-) would lead to a neutralization reaction producing volatile hydrogen fluoride(HF,bp = 19.5℃).This would be the chemical form of fluorine released from the coal.Further studies using HF and SO2 test tubes on headspace gas over coal samples heated to 200℃ in the laboratory and on headspace gas over stoves or chimney tops at rural residences confirmed the release of HF.     

贵州晚三叠世关岭鱼龙的原始尾弯对比研究

通过对贵州关岭上三叠统卡尼阶法郎组瓦窑段地层中的两件关岭鱼龙属标本的观察、测量,并与早侏罗世鱼龙标本对比研究,发现晚三叠世的关岭鱼龙尾椎中部存在一定数量形态发生变化的侧视呈梯形的椎体,已经具有了传统观点认为只在侏罗纪和白垩纪鱼龙中出现的尾弯,弯角为15°左右(侏罗纪鱼龙尾弯弯角可达60°).这一衍生性状的出现表明晚三叠...     

贵州省地萼苔科植物初步研究

根据文献记载以及对采自贵州省各县市地萼苔科Geocalycaceae植物标本(300余份)的鉴定,经统计贵州省地萼苔科植物现有18种l变种,其中中华裂萼苔Chiloscyphus sinensis、爽气裂萼苔C.fragrans为贵州新记录.根据各个种的形态特征,编制了该科的分种检索表,并对新记录种的主要形态特征进行了...     

峨眉地幔热柱活动与贵州西部二叠系煤的形成环境研究

晚二叠世乐平期,最为强烈、规模最大的一次峨眉地幔热柱强烈活动在贵州西部形成西北高、东南低的古地理格局.沉积相带由早二叠世的近东西向变为晚二叠世北东向排布.沉积相带由西向东,由陆相渐变为海陆交替相,最后变为海相环境.在贵州西北部的威宁一带形成陆相沉积环境.遵义至安顺一线以西的黔西和黔西南地区,属于海陆交替的陆地边缘相区,...     

贵州省欠发达县域的评估及特征分析

应用模糊层次分析法,对贵州省2012年88个县域的经济社会发展水平进行评估,得出排序位次,并对照已经算出的2004~2011年逐年排序的结果划分出滞留在全省末尾的35个县域,划为欠发达县(即贫困县)。深入分析其经济特征、地理特征、自然资源禀赋潜在优势,为贵州扶贫开发工作提供参考依据。     

黎平木生真菌资源及其生态

报道了黎平自然保护区的木生真菌72种；其中食用菌22种，药用菌18种，木腐菌30种和毒菌2种。     

红土洞遗址石制品的初步研究

本文报道贵州省红土洞史前遗址出土的石制品,共有56件,包括石锤(7件)、石核(7件)、石片(13件)、石器(29件)等类型。石器类型简单,只有砍砸器、刮削器、盘状器3种。石器尺寸相对穿洞出土的石器大,石器修理较细致,器形精美。     

贵州文化产业发展解析

2009年贵州文化产业总收入才开始突破160亿元。"多彩贵州"文化产业已初步形成一个有一定规模的系统产业链。这就是贵州文化产业的现状。影响贵州文化产业发展的因素,一是政治因素,二是美学观念,三是消费观念。     

贵州织金洞滴石类堆积物中的生物建造作用

本文作者首次较详细报导贵州织金洞滴石类堆积物中含有大量的藻类微体生物化石。并对其形态、结构进行了手标本、显微镜、扫描电镜的观察和研究,对其种属也进行了初步鉴决,结果表明,藻类具有明显的生长线和迭层构造,其生长受洞穴内外各种环境。尤其是气候环境的控制和制约,同时也是环境的直接反映。这一发现进一步揭示和丰富了洞穴堆积物成因理论,预计在第四纪环境预报方面将会起一定的作用。笔者较系统的研究洞穴滴石类堆积物中藻类生物的建造作用在国内外也属首次。     

贵州早熟禾族植物资料

笔者近来在整理禾草标本时,发现三个贵州尚未记录的属,隶属于早熟禾族。现予以报道如下。所列植物标本均存贵州省生物研究所植物标本室(HGAS) 硬草(江苏植物志)耿氏碱茅(禾本科图说) Sclerochloa kengiana(Ohwi)Tzvelev in Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS. 18:28. 1957;江苏植物志(上册)171. 1977. —Puccinellia Kengiana Ohwi in Journ. Jap. Bot. 12:654. 1936;禾本科图说226.图180.1959. 贵州新记录:铜仁,陆军地,360米,池塘边,1990年4月20日.彭华0276;同地,1990年4月26日,彭华0320。江苏、安徽、江西也有分布;模式标本产于江苏南京楼霞