Juxtaposed regions of extensive and minimal linkage disequilibrium in human Xq25 and Xq28

Linkage disequilibrium (LD), or the non-random association of alleles, is poorly understood in the human genome. Population genetic theory suggests that LD is determined by the age of the markers, population history, recombination rate, selection and genetic drift. Despite the uncertainties in determining the relative contributions of these factors, some groups have argued that LD is a simple function of distance between markers. Disease-gene mapping studies and a simulation study gave differing predictions on the degree of LD in isolated and general populations. In view of the discrepancies between theory and experimental observations, we constructed a high-density SNP map of the Xq25-Xq28 region and analysed the male genotypes and haplotypes across this region for LD in three populations. The populations included an outbred European sample (CEPH males) and isolated population samples from Finland and Sardinia. We found two extended regions of strong LD bracketed by regions with no evidence for LD in all three samples. Haplotype analysis showed a paucity of haplotypes in regions of strong LD. Our results suggest that, in this region of the X chromosome, LD is not a monotonic function of the distance between markers, but is more a property of the particular location in the human genome.     

Natural variation at Strubbelig Receptor Kinase 3 drives immune-triggered incompatibilities between Arabidopsis thaliana accessions

Accumulation of genetic incompatibilities within species can lead to reproductive isolation and, potentially, speciation. In this study, we show that allelic variation at SRF3 (Strubbelig Receptor Family 3), encoding a receptor-like kinase, conditions the occurrence of incompatibility between Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. The geographical distribution of SRF3 alleles reveals that allelic forms causing epistatic incompatibility with a Landsberg erecta allele at the RPP1 resistance locus are present in A. thaliana accessions in central Asia. Incompatible SRF3 alleles condition for an enhanced early immune response to pathogens as compared to the resistance-dampening effect of compatible SRF3 forms in isogenic backgrounds. Variation in disease susceptibility suggests a basis for the molecular patterns of a recent selective sweep detected at the SRF3 locus in central Asian populations.     

绿色化学的理念在中学化学实验教学中的渗透

本文从理论上和实践上论述了绿色化学的理念在中学化学实验教学中的渗透,并对中学化学实验教学最终实现绿色化学目标的具体措施进行了阐述。     

Research on 3D Micro-nano Processing Reported on Nature

The latest issue of Nature reported in its Research Highlights ( see " Lithography: Luminous Lizards", Nature, Vol. 451, p868, Feb. 21, 2008) that a group of researchers from the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry (TIPC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) achieved the new progress in 3D microstructures of nanometer composites using the multiphoton nanoprocessing technology.     

基于曲波变换的地震数据压缩感知重构算法

为提高地震数据压缩感知重构的信噪比和保真度, 提出一种基于曲波变换的地震数据压缩感知重构算法。建立了地震数据压缩感知重构模型, 分析了基于曲波变换稀疏表示的地震数据各尺度之间能量与熵的分布特性, 结合分块压缩感知技术降低随机观测的计算复杂度, 利用曲波变换稀疏表示高频区域各尺度之间的相关性, 设计了随信息熵变化的自适应双变量收缩阈值迭代重构的方法。实验结果表明, 在相同的采样率下,该算法重构的地震数据峰值信噪比提高了1. 5 dB 以上, 并且具有良好的细节信息保持能力。     

大型地下洞室群变形实测与数值模拟

以某水电站大型地下洞室群开挖为例,建立了三维数值分析模型,研究了洞室群开挖后洞周围岩的变形特性并分析了锚索应力损失对周围岩体变形和应力状态的影响;通过模拟结果与实测结果进行对比,分析模拟方法的合理性和支护方案的可行性.结果表明,围岩水平位移在洞室边墙中部最大,竖向位移在洞室拱顶最大,在洞室交叉部变形也较为显著;模拟结果与实测结果较接近,能良好地反映洞室实际开挖的过程和围岩的变形规律;锚索预应力损失达到某一程度时会使围岩水平位移显著增大.     

基于RSM-GA法的薄壁蜡模压蜡过程收缩率建模与优化

基于响应面法(RSM),通过一系列的实验建立了薄壁蜡模壁厚方向的收缩率与压蜡参数之间的数学模型,并对模型的合理性与充分性进行了方差分析,对压蜡过程中工艺参数对尺寸收缩率的影响进行了敏感性分析.为了减小收缩率,基于遗传算法(GA)对工艺参数进行了全局优化.     

基于多规则资源分配的柔性作业车间调度问题多目标集成优化方法

针对柔性作业车间调度问题中多种资源分配的复杂特性,建立了以最小完工时间、最优人工分配方案、设备最大负荷以及最小生产成本为目标的集成优化模型,并设计了一种具有多重资源约束的多目标集成优化方法;针对组合模型的爆炸性特征,为降低模型的复杂度,采用多规则资源分配的集成调度思想,通过调整规则概率使概率大的规则被优先选中,使用多规则导向机制"推动"搜索过程向指定目标方向移动,并结合动态规划法求解最优人员分配方案;采用改进的非支配排序遗传算法——NSGAⅡ可以获得不同规则概率值的Pareto解集;最后,通过仿真对比与应用验证了所提方法的有效性.