双壁钻杆反循环系统新型井下封阻导流器冲蚀与强度研究

井下封阻导流器的设计与优选是双壁钻杆反循环钻井的关键,针对高流速、大循环压差的工作环境,设计了一种同一本体不同井眼的井下封阻器,并对不同入口质量流速与颗粒粒径条件下进行了流体流动与封阻器磨损建模研究,依据冲蚀模拟结果对封阻器进行了强度分析,设计并进行了封阻器气密性验证与返砂实验。可看出,封隔器壁面磨损程度随着入口流量的增大和颗粒粒径的减小而逐渐增大,且根据抗拉抗扭强度要求,封阻器最大安全扭矩为29 t/m,最大安全拉力约合270t。实验结果表明,新型井下封阻导流器符合双壁钻杆反循环要求。     

尕斯库勒E_3~1:油藏Ⅲ2小层砂层厚度分布结构特征研究

砂层厚度是储层发育情况的重要指标,同时也为开发布井提供依据。本文以尕斯库勒E油藏III2小层为例,对1068口井的砂层厚度分布特征进行研究,得出砂体的平面展布图,为后面注水开发提供初步建议。     

Characterisation of burrow architecture under natural conditions in the sand-dwelling wolf spider Allocosa brasiliensis

Allocosa brasiliensis (Petrunkevitch, 1910) is a wolf spider that constructs silk-lined burrows along the coastal sand dunes of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. This species shows a reversal in typical sex roles and sexual size dimorphism expected for spiders. Females are the smaller and mobile sex, which initiates courtship at the male burrow entrance. Mating occurs in the male burrow, and when it ends, the male leaves and the female stays inside. Females prefer to mate with those males showing longest burrows, so burrow dimensions would be under strong sexual selection pressures. Previous studies in the laboratory indicated that male burrows are longer than those of virgin females, which were described as simple silk capsules. Preliminary observations suggested that juvenile burrows presented differences from those of adults; however, detailed observations of A. brasilienisis burrow characteristics at the field were lacking. The aim of this study was to characterise the burrows of adults and juveniles of A. brasiliensis under natural conditions. We recorded the dimensions of burrows inhabited by males, females and juveniles (n = 30 for each category) and created beeswax moulds that reflected burrow shape. Juveniles inhabited tubular burrows with two branches and two openings; on the contrary, adults were found in tubular burrows with a single entry. Males and females inhabited burrows of similar length and width, but those of juveniles were shorter and narrower. We discuss the results and their possible functional explanations according to the selective pressures expected for each developmental stage and sex.     

“卷帘大将”考——兼论“卷帘大将”与朱元璋

《西游记》中的沙和尚未被贬下天宫时是天宫的"卷帘大将",从史书上来看,这个"卷帘大将"只在明王朝朱元璋时期存在过,当下说"卷帘大将"在唐朝出现过没有依据。而《西游记》中玉皇大帝"自幼修持",此"修持"是一个佛教(道教)用语,而明朝的朱元璋就是自幼出家为僧,从这方面的联系看,玉皇大帝及唐太宗身上有朱元璋的影子。"卷帘大将"的出现可以证明《西游记》不会是元代邱处机所作。     

The affinities of European sand gobies (Teleostei: Gobiidae)

The European ‘sand-goby’ genera, comprising the Atlantic-Mediterranean Pomatoschistus and Gobiusculus, Ponto-Caspian Knipowitschia and West Balkanian Economidichthys, are diagnosed, with special reference to patterns of infraorbital neuromast organs (sensory papillae). A survey of selected meristic features indicates synapomorphies in increased number of abdominal and caudal vertebrae, and additional interneural spaces between first and second dorsal fin pterygiophores. Absence of a crest-like postmaxillary process on the premaxilla was found to be another derived feature after a survey of this bone throughout the Gobioidei. Affinity with other Atlantic-Mediterranean genera (Deltentosteus, Buenia, Lebetus and, probably, Speleogobius) is established from both morphological and isozyme criteria. Using head lateral-line and meristic characters, as well as occurrence of the premaxilla crest, a search for a sister group has led to the Indo-Pacific Nesogobius, a genus endemic to southern Australian seas, and probable wider relationship to North-western Pacific endemic gobiids.     

尕斯库勒E_3~1油藏I1小层砂层厚度分布特征分析

砂层厚度对储层的发育程度影响很大。本文以尕斯库勒E3油藏I1小层为例,对砂层厚度分布特征进行分析,得1出该小层的非均质特征和剩余油分布特征。以Sufer软件对尕斯库勒E3油藏I1小层的砂层厚度特征进行分析,对空间分1布结构进行研究,展布并绘制其分布图。     

树脂添加量对壳型覆膜砂热性能的影响

本文研究了树脂量对壳型膜覆砂热性能的影响,指出树脂量对壳型覆膜砂热性能的影响是通过树脂膜厚和砂粒间粘结膜接触点数目的改变来实现的.在试验条件下(使用70/140硅砂,树脂添加量约为3%),树脂膜厚在2μm左右有较好的综合性能.     

乌吉线沙害治理机械沙障设置的研究

通过对乌吉线沙害治理几种机械沙障设置的研究 ,总结出沙障最长防护年限和最适孔隙度 .结果是 :高立式沙障最长防护年限为 5年 ,最适孔隙度为 30 % ;半隐蔽式沙障最长防护年限为 2年 ,最适规格为 1 m× 1 m ;高立式和半隐蔽式综合沙障模式最长防护年限为 7年 ,最适配置为孔隙度 30 %的高立式沙障与规格 1 m× 1 m的半隐蔽式沙障相组合 .     

沙地水稻各农艺性状与产量关系的回归分析

采用通辽地区沙地水稻生产上常用的品种为试验材料,对其产量与主要农艺性状进行了相关及多元回归分析,结果表明：水稻单穴产量与结实率和千粒重呈显著正相关,与空粒数呈显著负相关,与其它性状呈不显著负相关;通过逐步回归分析建立了数学模型,通径分析结果表明,穗长、实粒数、千粒重对产量具有正向效应,而生育期、株高、分蘖数却对水稻的单穴产量具有负向效应。在沙地衬膜条件下,应选择穗长、生育期适中、千粒重大、分蘖数较少、实粒数多、株高适中的品种易获得高产。     

沙尘暴严重程度的模糊综合评判——以内蒙古地区为例

采用模糊综合评判的方法对内蒙古地区沙尘暴严重程度进行量化评判。筛选出对沙尘暴的发生影响较大的三类九种因素,这三类因素是土壤岩石因素、植被降水因素、大气因素。结果表明,评判结果与大众感受相符,可为沙尘暴问题的预测与分析提供初步的数学模型。