AnAnolis skin melanophore assay suitable for photoaffinity labeling studies with α-MSH

Summary Visual determination of MSH-induced pigment migration in melanophores of small pieces ofAnolis carolinensis skin is standardized by first measuring photoelectrometrically the change in reflection/transmission of the whole dorsal skin in response to different hormone concentrations. This method allows the rapid and precise recording of time-response curves after photoaffinity labeling of MSH receptors or of dose-response curves of large series of synthetic compounds.Acknowledgments. We wish to thank Ms V. Jäggin, Ms C. Schulthess and Ms G. van Hees for excellent technical assistance, Dr. R. Andreatta, Ciba-Geigy AG, Basel, for his generous gift of -MSH and Prof. A Pletscher for his continuous interest. This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation.     

Bicuculline and picrotoxin block γ-aminobutryic acid-gated Cl− conductance by different mechanisms

Summary Using isolated, internally perfused bullfrog dorsal root ganglion cells we have studied the dose-response curves for -aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the presence of internally or externally applied GABA antagonists. With external application of antagonists the inhibition of the GABA current by bicuculline was competitive and that by picrotoxin was noncompetitive. Picrotoxin but not bicuculline blocked when internally perfused.To whom reprint requests should be addressed.Acknowledgments. We thank Drs S. Minakami and S. Yasui for helpful discussions and comments.     

The susceptibility to exercise-induced muscle damage increases as rats grow larger

Summary Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and N-acetyl--glucosaminidase activities were both elevated after eccentric exercise indicating that this type of exercise causes muscle damage. Muscle damage as measured by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the vastus intermedius was greater and occurred later in larger rats indicating that the susceptibility to muscle damage is increased and the repair process delayed in older and larger animals.     

Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection

Summary Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection have disporven some of the central tenets of both the handicap mechanism and the sexy son hypothesis. These results suggest that the good genes approach to sexual selection may generally lead to erroneous results.Runaway sexual selection seems possible under a wide variety of circumstances. Quantittive genetic models have revealed runaway processes for sexually selected attributes expressed in both sexes and for attributes of parental care. Furthermore, the runaway could occur simultaneously in a series of populations that straddle an environmental gradient. While the models support the feasibility of runaway processes, empirical studies are needed to evaluate whether runaways actually happen. Estimates of critical genetic parameters are particularly needed, as well as measures of natural and sexual selection acting on the same population.The models also show that sexual selection has tremendous potential to produce population differentiation, particularly in epigamic traits. Differentiation is promoted by indeterminancy of evolutionary outcome, transient differences among populations during the final slow approach to equilibrium, sampling drift among equilibrium populations, and the tendency of sexual selection to amplify geographic variation arising from spatial differences in natural selection. Recent work with two- and three-locus models of sexual selection has produced results that parallel the results of the polygenic models^36–38,58. Thus the feature of indeterminate equilibria (outcome dependent on initial conditions) is common to both types of model.     

A new semisynthetic ergot peptide alkaloid: DCN 203-922

Summary We report the synthesis, stereochemistry and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of DCN 203-922, a novel ergot alkaloid of the cyclol type, which contains in its peptide moiety the uncommon amino acid L-allo-isoleucine.Part of this paper was reported by this author at the Herbstversammlung der Schweizerischen Chemischen Gesellschaft, Bern, in October 1986.     

A major metabolite of Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol reduces its cataleptic effect in mice

Summary The results described here demonstrate that THC-induced catalepsy in mice can be substantially inhibited by the prior administration of ¹-THC-7-oic acid, the major metabolite of THC in most species including humans. This raises the possibility that the intensity and duration of action of THC may depend to a large degree on the levels of this metabolite at the sites of action.We thank the National Institute on Drug Abuse for supporting this project by grants DA-02043 and DA-02052 and for supplying all of the cannabinoids. One of us (S.B.) is also the recipient of a Research Scientist Award from NIDA. We are grateful to Kristen Carlson and Thomas Honeyman for helpful suggestions in preparing this report.     

2000—2020年武威市土地利用/覆被时空变化及驱动力分析

为掌握武威市经济与生态的可持续发展道路,以2000—2020年GlobeLand30土地利用/覆被数据为基础,通过单一土地利用动态度、综合土地利用动态度及土地利用转移矩阵等方法,研究了武威市土地利用/覆被时空变化特征,并结合气象数据明晰了土地利用/覆被变化的驱动机制。结果表明：2020年武威市土地利用类型以裸地为主,裸地面积为17 628.2 km2,占武威市总面积的53.24%,主要分布在研究区的北部荒漠区;2000—2020年间,武威市灌木地、林地综合动态度最高,表明两者稳定度较低,其次是人造地表、水体和冰川积雪,裸地、耕地、草地和湿地四种土地利用/覆盖类型在20年内动态度较低,相对比较稳定;2000—2020年间武威市土地利用主要转移方向呈现耕地转入人造地表、林地转入草地、裸地转入耕地和人造地表的现象。研究得到武威市气温和降雨量对土地利用/覆被变化的影响相对有限,只对湿地、水体和林地等土地利用/覆被类型有一定影响,武威市土地利用/覆被变化的主要驱动力为社会经济因素,其中GDP、房地产投资、政府政策对土地利用/覆被类型的变化影响显著。     

测长仪器数字化微机化改造中的精度保证

本文介绍了测长仪器数字化微机化改造中的精度保证方法:标尺倾斜调整法和计算机软件补偿法。作者将这些方法应用于万能工具显微镜的改造中,获得了满意的效果。该方法简单有效,而且亦适用于新测长仪器的制造。文中还对测长标尺的制造提出了“标尺刻度间距的公差带应正向单向布置”的指导性意见。     

江西樟树四特酒香味成分的GC／MS分析

通过对四特酒进行化学处理、分类收集组分,采用GC/MS联用技术对各组分进行分离与定性定量测定,分离出130多个色谱峰,鉴定出65个化合物.