基于分层线性离散模型的FGM板断裂力学分析

为对功能梯度材料(FGM)板进行断裂力学分析,提出了施加温度场建立FGM板分层线性离散模型的方法.采用该方法、梯度有限元法和常规有限元法对FGM板的应力场和位移场进行对比分析,结果表明该方法简便可行.在所提方法的基础上,采用扩展有限元法求解含裂纹FGM板的位移场,再利用位移外推法计算裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,通过上述方法对不同材料梯度参数、裂纹尺寸、裂纹倾斜角的FGM板裂纹尖端应力强度因子进行数值模拟.计算结果表明,合理地选择FGM板的梯度参数并控制裂纹尺寸能有效降低裂纹尖端应力强度因子.所提出的方法可推广应用于材料梯度分布为任意连续变化的FGM板断裂力学分析.     

碳排放许可初始分配研究综述

碳排放许可的初始分配直接产生结构调整和收入分配效应,关系到碳排放交易制度的政治可行性与经济效率,是碳排放交易制度设计和研究的核心问题.关于碳排放许可初始分配的研究主要集中在如何进行碳排放许可的分配、碳排放交易机制初始分配的效率如何、会产生何种收入调整效应和结构调整效应、如何构建成本控制机制以缓解初始分配带来的负面影响等.现有研究得出了一些共性的结论,可以为碳交易机制政策的制定提供科学参考,当然现有研究也存在不足,尤其碳排放交易机制区域内的区域经济发展问题、对发展中国家碳排放交易机制以及碳排放许可对经济发展的作用机制的研究仍需进一步探索.     

中等强度运动过程中能量代谢的时间变化特征

以16名体育专业大学生为研究对象,采用气体代谢间接测定的方法,观察中等强度长时间运动过程中机体能量代谢的变化情况和规律.结果表明：以55%VO2max强度完成持续1 h跑步运动过程中,男生在运动20 min后出现糖氧化量的明显下降和脂肪氧化量的增加,女生则在运动30 min后出现糖氧化量的明显下降和脂肪氧化量的增加;在运动30 min后,男女生脂肪供能比例均出现明显增加.研究提示：中等强度长时间运动过程中,男生脂肪大量动用的时间早于女生,且运动疲劳出现的时间也早于女生.     

Visualization of the complex structure and stress field inside rock by means of 3D printing technology

Accurate characterization and visualization of the complex inner structure and stress distribution of rocks are of vital significance to solve a variety of underground engineering problems. In this paper, we incorporate several advanced technologies, such as CT scan, three-dimensional（3D） reconstruction, and 3D printing, to produce a physical model representing the natural coal rock that inherently contains complex fractures or joints. We employ 3D frozen stress and photoelastic technologies to characterize and visualize the stress distribution within the fractured rock under uniaxial compression. The 3D printed model presents the fracture structures identical to those of the natural prototype. The mechanical properties of the printed model,including uniaxial compression strength, elastic modulus,and Poisson’s ratio, are testified to be similar to those of the prototype coal rock. The frozen stress and photoelastic tests show that the location of stress concentration and the stress gradient around the discontinuous fractures are in good agreement with the numerical predictions of the real coalsample. The proposed method appears to be capable of visually quantifying the influences of discontinuous,irregular fractures on the strength, deformation, and stress concentration of coal rock. The method of incorporating3 D printing and frozen stress technologies shows a promising way to quantify and visualize the complex fracture structures and their influences on 3D stress distribution of underground rocks, which can also be used to verify numerical simulations.     

Experimental investigation on upstream-injection interaction with a scramjet cavity flameholder

The study has evaluated the coherent structures and the velocity field of gaseous transverse jet upstream of a scramjet flameholder in a supersonic turbulent flow. The high spatiotemporal resolution coherent structures of the jet plume/wakes and the cavity shear layer were obtained by utilizing the nanoparticle-based planar laser scattering technique. Compared to the no upstream injection case, the cavity shear layer downstream of the jet shows significant mass exchange with mainstream. The particle image veloc- imetry velocity field and the velocity profiles demonstrated that the interaction intensity of the cavity shear layer with the upstream injection is further enhanced as the injection stagnation pressure increases.     

LES investigation of swirl intensity effect on unconfined turbulent swirling premixed flame

A finite reaction rate model is presented as a closure of large eddy simulation （LES） to numerically study an open premixed methane/air swirling flame. The resultant model is firstly validated by comparing with reported data and then employed to investigate the effect of swirling intensity on flow field, flame characteristics and combustion instability of the swirling flame. Three differ- ent swirl numbers are considered. The LES results show that as swirling intensity increases, the vortex entrainment and micro-mixing are enhanced, leading to more lean equivalent ratios at flame front; consequently, higher swirling number causes lower flame temperatures and slower CO oxidization; for all simulated swirl numbers, flame fronts are completely located out of the recirculation zones and anchored at the inner surface of the annular swirling steams; swirl number has a crucial effect on swirling flame extension toward radial and tangential dimensions and then significantly affects streamwise flame length, which is a great influencing factor on combustion instability; vortex-induced disturbance on flame in streamwise plays a critical role in combustion instability.     

大强度运动对青年男子淋巴细胞凋亡的影响

设计训练组(T组,14名男性田径运动员)和对照组(C组,14名男性普通大学生)均完成一次大强度运动,并于运动前、运动后即刻以及运动后12h取血液淋巴细胞测定淋巴细胞计数、凋亡率、羟自由基(·OH)和8-氧鸟嘌呤(8-oxodG)含量,对比运动员和普通大学生在一次大强度运动前后淋巴细胞DNA损伤的变化,探讨长期运动训练对淋巴细胞凋亡的影响及其可能机制.结果显示,运动后即刻:组内前后比较,两组所有指标均显著性升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);组间比较,T组指标变化的幅度均低于C组(P<0.01).运动后12h:组内前后比较,C组淋巴细胞凋亡率和8-oxodG含量升高(P<0.01),淋巴细胞计数降低(P<0.01),·OH含量恢复(P>0.05),T组8-oxodG含量升高(P<0.05),其他指标均恢复至运动前水平;组间比较,T组8-oxodG含量升高幅度明显低于C组(P<0.01).以上结果表明:一次大强度运动诱导淋巴细胞自由基产生增多并造成DNA氧化损伤,细胞凋亡增加;长期运动训练则可降低淋巴细胞DNA氧化损伤和细胞凋亡并加速凋亡恢复,防止运动应激后淋巴细胞数量的减少.     

广梧高速公路块状煤系土的物理力学特性

采用室内试验方法,对广东省云浮地区块状煤系土的物理力学性质进行研究,重点论述了块状煤系土抗剪强度的变化规律,建立了具有实用价值的经验性公式.研究结果表明含水率与强度关系密切,粘聚力受含水率影响较大,内摩擦角受含水率影响较小.通过室内试验和理论分析,为工程中合理利用煤系土提供借鉴依据.     

配合煤的镜质组反射率分布与焦炭强度预测

为了工业配煤炼焦生产的需要,通过对配合煤的镜质组反射率分布与焦炭机械强度的研究,得出镜质组反射率分布与焦炭机械强度具有良好的线性关系。据此建立相关性好、可信度高的数学模型,进行实验验证。结果表明:焦炭机械强度M40和M25的预测误差小,可以用于指导工业配煤炼焦生产;影响M40和M25最大的均为肥煤,影响M10最大者为焦煤。     

混凝土空心板梁回弹强度与试块强度的试验研究

通过对先张法混凝土空心板梁的回弹强度,同养试块、标养试块回弹强度及抗压强度统计数据的分析研究,利用对数回归拟合方法得出抗压强度、回弹强度随龄期的变化方程,给出各龄期回弹强度、抗压强度的换算表,有助于加强对空心板梁实际强度、回弹强度、试块抗压强度之间的认识,为混凝土构件强度检测提供参考。